Application of time-variant predictive control to modelling driver steering skill

The paper addresses the need for improved mathematical models of human steering control. A multiple-model structure for a driver's internal model of a nonlinear vehicle is proposed. The multiple-model structure potentially offers a straightforward way to represent a range of driver expertise. The internal model is combined with a model predictive steering controller. The controller generates a steering command through the minimisation of a cost function involving vehicle path error. A study of the controller performance during an aggressive, nonlinear steering manoeuvre is provided. Analysis of the controller performance reveals a reduction in the closed-loop controller bandwidth with increasing tyre saturation and fixed controller gains. A parameter study demonstrates that increasing the multiple-model density, increasing the weights on the path error, and increasing the controller knowledge range all improved the path following accuracy of the controller.     

汽车转向泵恒流量控制的计算分析

通过模拟汽车转向泵恒流量控制的工作原理，给出合理的流量控制过程的理论分析方法，并计算分析转向泵的流量控制特性，确定其影响因素，同时也分析了令很多工程技术人员费解的两个流量控制现象。     

Generalised multi-axle vehicle handling

The familiar two-axle bicycle model and associated basic concepts of vehicle handling are reviewed and used to introduce minor changes in convention from the literature. The two-axle model is extended to a three-axle vehicle to illustrate the effectiveness of the notation combined with a simplifying mathematical identity found in the two-axle vehicle literature. A generalised model is then developed that produces dynamic equations of motion by inspection for a vehicle with an arbitrary number of steerable and non-steerable axles. Furthermore, the vehicle dynamic concepts of understeer and wheelbase are generalised and can be directly computed for various arbitrary vehicle configurations.     

A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

SEW行走三位一体减速机输出轴油封改造

分析了门座式起重机行走机所采用的SEW减速箱漏油现象，介绍了技术改造的方案，取得了较好的效果。     

Nonlinear feedforward–feedback control of clutch-to-clutch shift technique

To improve the shift quality of the vehicle with clutch-to-clutch gear shifts, a nonlinear feedforward–feedback control scheme is proposed for clutch slip control during the shift inertia phase. The feedforward control is designed based on flatness in consideration of the system nonlinearities, and the linear feedback control is given to accommodate the model errors and the disturbances. Lookup tables, which are widely used to represent complex nonlinear characteristics of powertrain systems, appear in their original form in the designed feedforward controller, while the linear feedback controller is calculated through linear matrix inequalities such that the control system is robust against the parameter uncertainties. Finally, the designed controller is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model, which contains a time-variant model of clutch actuators.     

液压铰链的修理工艺及应用

文章介绍了液压铰链的基本结构和工作原理，分析了不动作的原因，提出了液压铰链修理的具体操作方法，可供同行借鉴。     

准高速电力机车牵引齿轮优化设计

在对国内外机车牵引齿轮现状进行深入调查的基础上，提出了从优选材料及热处理工艺、进行齿形和参数优化设计、合理选择制造精度与工艺，优选润滑剂与润滑密度方式，改善动力学性能等五个方面提高我国准高速电力机车牵引齿轮动承载寿命的具体措施，其中在齿形和参数优化方面，设计了优选 角并能使齿根危险断面齿厚尽可能大，而应主 磨前滚刀，优选出能使啮合过程中最大闪温值为最小的变位系数，并在此了考虑机车启动、持续与高速运     

牵引模式对C0-C0架悬式机车粘着性能的影响

分析了牵引模式对C0-C0架悬式机车粘着性能的影响.通过对牵引装置不同布置方式进行比较,指出机车的轴重转移量以车体中央截面成对称分布,对应轮对上的粘着质量利用率之和为定值;并提出牵引点高度对机车粘着性能影响较大,而牵引装置布置方式对其影响较小,机车设计时需根据悬挂特性选择合适的牵引点高度.     

HD469单级减速驱动中桥总成失效分析

汽车实际运行中零件失效的表现往往较复杂,给失效分析工作带来很大的困难。本文结合HD469单级减速驱动中桥的失效,通过对拆开的桥的各个零件,尤其是出现异常零件的观察,运用系统推理分析思想,发现安装在差壳周圈上12.9级六角头螺栓掉头断裂是导致整个469单级桥总成发生严重失效的根本原因。