金门特长公路隧道通风方案比选研究

为解决目前特长公路隧道通风方案比选时局限于送排式通风的问题,从方案设计角度分析几种不同纵向通风模式的功能特点、适用条件,结合送排式通风与互补式通风的特点,提出单通道互补式通风的组合通风模式,并以金门特长公路隧道为例,从全寿命周期角度,对“通风井送排式”“单通道互补式”“双通道互补式”“吸尘式”4种通风方案进行比选研究。结果表明： 1）送排式通风受通风井位置影响较大,从运营通风角度,宜设置在上坡隧道中部偏下风方向; 2）互补式、吸尘式通风能够突破通风井选址的限制,但对于超过5 km的隧道,需要设置专用排烟井; 3）单通道互补式通风省去送风井,保留了送排式通风的排烟功能,具备比选价值。     

基于远、近期合建的折多山公路隧道总体设计方案研究

为解决特长公路隧道升级改造困难问题,以折多山公路隧道项目为依托,创新性地提出远、近期合建的总体设计方案。通过交通量预测、工程造价、运营通风及逃生救援等方面综合比较,得出可实施的合建方案： 先期建设二级公路隧道主洞,设2段非贯通平导,后期直接将二级公路隧道作为高速公路隧道右洞,并贯通二级公路隧道平导作为高速公路隧道左洞。合建方案能有效节约工程造价,降低社会耗能。     

地下工程平衡稳定理论再研究

目前,地下工程结构在计算分析方面主要采用传统松弛荷载理论（类似荷载结构法）和数值分析法;在合理结构构造、施工工法等方面主要采用岩承理论（类似地层结构法）,这些已有理论或方法隐含“变形协调控制”假定,实际应用中往往将这些假定忽视,因而需进一步发展新的理论方法以适应实际应用的需求。在大量工程实践和试验的基础上,揭示地下工程有效承载结构层与围岩荷载转移规律之间的关联性,建立地下工程平衡稳定理论,此理论既能反映传统“松弛荷载理论”和现代“岩承理论”的基本内容,又能拓宽平衡稳定性等内容,是地下工程平衡稳定性的新认识、新理念; 同时提出能量控制技术、预支护技术、受力独立性综合技术、变形协调控制技术4项关键技术。将这些技术合理地运用到实际工程施工中,将便于利用已有或新成果分类预防和控制地下工程质量和安全,为解决新型地下工程问题提供新的依据。     

地下交通转换平台射流通风特性及风流组织方式研究

为探究地下交通转换平台内通风系统的合理布局,采用比尺模型试验和CFD模拟相结合的方法,研究射流风机和通风组织对地下交通转换平台内气流运动的影响。结果表明： 1）当联络通道内风机射流朝向敞开段时,为使风机升压系数Kj最大,630 mm、900 mm、1 120 mm射流风机的布设位置应距离敞开段分别大于40、50、65 m; 2）大口径射流风机具有更大的Kj,但占用的断面空间更大,且射流诱导段更长,应根据联络通道长度和高度合理选择射流风机口径; 3）地下交通转换平台的通风组织不宜采用同侧开启方式,采用对角抽吸方式时,联络通道内的污染物混入比最低、通风效率最高。     

地下叠合墙接触面形式的设计研究

为解决地下工程中叠合结构接触面采用常规凿毛等方式进行预处理时存在的施工难度大、剪力槽设置参差不齐等难题,提出一种便于施工的预制叠合结构形式,然后运用ANSYS有限元软件对波浪形、三角形以及梯形波纹结构面进行受力对比分析,结果表明梯形结构面在结构应力、接触面压力以及接触面滑移方面更有优势,并确定梯形结构面作为静力荷载试验方案。通过静力荷载试验对比分析整体现浇梁和梯形结构面叠合梁在各级荷载作用下的挠度、水平位移以及裂缝开展形态,结合实测数据表明： 在受到相同荷载作用下,叠合梁的挠度增量小于整体现浇梁,同时叠合梁在裂缝开展阶段存在停滞现象,能够减缓裂缝穿过叠合面,从而提高结构的整体承载力。     

大型地下空间的结构分割转换工法研究

为解决当下地下空间开发难题,依托中铁工程装备集团地下停车场项目,提出建造大型地下空间的结构分割转换工法（CC工法）,并成功应用。文章从传统各工法的特点出发,阐述CC工法的设想。基于工程实践过程,首先,从地下结构的分割与转换2个角度,重点介绍大型地下空间的形成过程、型钢和钢筋混凝土组合结构管节、节点处理措施等创新内容; 然后,针对B类节点的处理措施、整体背土现象等工程问题进行解决与优化; 最后,探讨该工法拓展应用的可能性,分别介绍多层、曲线、长距离、装配式结构大型地下空间的初步方案。CC工法的成功研发,旨在为城市大型地下空间开发提供一套新的解决思路。     

Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

Effects of the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative on the wine import logistics of China

China’s Belt and Road (BR) initiative is expected to facilitate international trade between the countries involved. In this study, we review the special requirements of wine logistics and the market growth potential of wine consumption in China. A model minimizing generalized logistical costs is developed and applied to wine imports in China, so that the best candidate cities in which to locate transport gateways and distribution centers can be identified. Our analysis suggests that the most preferred gateways are Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong, which all have similar delivery costs. In comparison, Beijing and Chongqing have much higher delivery costs, mainly because they do not have good access to marine transport and/or efficient domestic distribution networks. For long-distance intercontinental transport of large volumes of wine, marine shipping remains the only viable delivery mode. However, wine distribution within China extensively uses air, road, and water transport. Therefore, cities with excellent multi-modal transport services are better positioned to become wine logistics gateways. Our study also highlights the importance of value-added services and good government support, which are important factors that influence distribution costs and quality.     

Sustainability and interactivity between cities and ports: a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach

Ports and cities are intrinsically linked. Port city, which serves as a link between the local and global economy, is an integration of both urban and port systems. Constrained by different regional structures, port cities have developed various formulations over time. Using a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this paper proposes a new method for measuring the sustainable development of different port city systems. While the previous empirical studies often separate the port system and the urban system, this paper assesses the two systems in an integrated way. Moreover, this paper develops a systematic methodology for measurement of sustainability. Twenty world-leading container port cities are selected for this study using contemporary data. The DEA results display their relative differences in levels of sustainable development, which reveal the effectiveness of the prevailing policies in them. Eventually, recommendations are drawn for other port cities by referring to the best practices.     

Spar基础浮式风机系泊系统全耦合分析

本文以OC3 Hywind Spar基础浮式风机为研究对象,采用先进的空气动力-水动力耦合时域分析方法,针对其在中国南海某海域风浪流共同作用下,系泊系统、浮式基础运动以及风机与塔桶载荷响应进行分析。对比了定常风与湍流风模型对浮式风机系泊系统、整体运动响应以及风机载荷的影响。计算结果表明：相比于湍流风,采用定常风进行浮式风机系泊系统分析将得到偏于危险的结果,同时浮式风机运动响应与风机载荷结果偏小。本文建议在系泊系统初始设计阶段采用定常风方法进行设计,在系泊分析阶段采用湍流风进行分析,以保证浮式风机长期服役安全。