绞吸船吹填中粗砂泥泵节能运行转速

大型绞吸船吹填中粗砂施工,难以确定最优的输送施工参数和泥泵机组转速.针对目前常用的计算公式对非均质中粗砂浆体水力输送计算精度不足的问题,采用实际施工参数对计算公式进行拟合修正,实现泥浆输送施工参数的精确计算.同时通过泥泵机组运行功率计算分析,确定了最经济输送施工参数条件下泥泵机组的低功耗运行转速.转速特征是在既定的泥浆流速、浓度和泥泵机组总扬程条件下,水下泵采用低转速、甲板泵采用高转速,有利于降低输送施工能耗.     

普速铁路钢轨滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生研究和检验

以普速铁路京九线不同曲线半径为研究对象,建立车辆-轨道动力学模型、磨耗和裂纹萌生预测模型;计算60N廓形在不同曲线半径条件下的轮轨接触状态,预测了不同曲线条件下磨耗发展率、裂纹萌生位置与寿命,并与京九线现场观测结果进行对比验证.研究结果表明:随着疲劳损伤的累积,不同曲线半径下钢轨的阶段磨耗发展率呈下降的趋势,其中曲线半径小(600 m)的磨耗发展率降低最快,随着曲线半径的增大,平均磨耗发展率降低趋势减缓;不同曲线半径下钢轨裂纹萌生位置均在钢轨表面以下1~3 mm处,横向位置在距离轨顶中心15~20 mm范围内,曲线半径600 m外轨裂纹萌生寿命大约为2.64×10^5次,内轨裂纹萌生寿命约为4.86×10^5次,与现场观测较为符合.     

基于群组行为的大学校园楼梯及通道行人运动特征分析

为探讨不同场景中行人群组运动的微观特征，并比较不同类型群组运动差异，本文通过大学校园内楼梯上及通道内的观测实验，获取行人运动的相关数据，研究了群组大小、社会关系、运动场景和性别对群组运动的影响. 结果表明：大学校园内行人成组比例低于商场周围行人成组比例；群组成员间的交流方式等因素会影响群组构型；由于群组成员越多相互协调就越困难，所以群组规模越大，其速度越小；此外，男性群组速度大于女性群组速度，情侣间频繁的交流也会对其速度产生负面影响；就差异性而言，2 人和3 人群组间的速度差异小于单人和2 人群组间的速度差异；单个行人不同性别间的速度差异大于2 人和3 人群组不同性别间的速度差异；楼梯上单人与群组的速度差异没有通道内明显.     

Categorizing bicycling environments using GPS-based public bicycle speed data

A promising alternative transportation mode to address growing transportation and environmental issues is bicycle transportation, which is human-powered and emission-free. To increase the use of bicycles, it is fundamental to provide bicycle-friendly environments. The scientific assessment of a bicyclist’s perception of roadway environment, safety and comfort is of great interest. This study developed a methodology for categorizing bicycling environments defined by the bicyclist’s perceived level of safety and comfort. Second-by-second bicycle speed data were collected using global positioning systems (GPS) on public bicycles. A set of features representing the level of bicycling environments was extracted from the GPS-based bicycle speed and acceleration data. These data were used as inputs for the proposed categorization algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM), which is a well-known heuristic classifier, was adopted in this study. A promising rate of 81.6% for correct classification demonstrated the technical feasibility of the proposed algorithm. In addition, a framework for bicycle traffic monitoring based on data and outcomes derived from this study was discussed, which is a novel feature for traffic surveillance and monitoring.     

高速磁浮车辆悬浮架装配关键技术研究

文章针对高速磁浮车辆悬浮架装配关键技术展开研究,通过悬浮架的功能与技术以及各结构模块组成关系对悬浮架进行分析,确定装配工艺流程、工艺重点与难点,实现了装配的技术要求。     

Variable speed limit control for severe non-recurrent freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) schemes are developed based on the Kinematic Wave theory to increase discharge rates at severe freeway bottlenecks induced by non-recurrent road events such as incidents or work zones while smoothing speed transition. The main control principle is to restrict upstream demand (in free-flow) progressively to achieve three important objectives: (i) to provide gradual speed transition at the tail of an event-induced queue, (ii) to clear the queue around the bottleneck, and (iii) to discharge traffic at the stable maximum flow that can be sustained at the bottleneck without breakdown. These control objectives are accomplished without imposing overly restrictive speed limits. We further provide remedies for (a) underutilized bottleneck capacity due to underestimated stable maximum flow and (b) a re-emergent queue at the bottleneck due to an overestimated stable maximum flow. We analytically formulate the reductions in total delay in terms of control parameters to provide an insight into the system performance and sensitivity. The results from the parameter analysis suggest that significant delay savings can be realized with the proposed VSL control strategies.     

高速铁路路基全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构

提出1种高速铁路路基全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构,基于该结构工作状态,分析其主要功能特性,设计碾压密实高模量沥青混凝土。将全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构应用于工程试验段,跟踪监测其服役特性。结果表明:试验段轨道结构及路堤基床动力性能均满足规范限值要求;试验段基床含水量维持在8%~18%,受天气影响小,而邻近的纤维混凝土对照段基床含水量为10%~35%,随天气波动显著;试验段沥青混凝土的吸热作用,使得路肩处基床温度较对照段大;试验段路基竖向变形监测值较对照段稍大,但均满足限值要求;试验段沥青混凝土与底座等接触情况良好,无松散剥落等病害,仅在底座板接缝处有数条裂缝,而对照段出现较多的纵横向裂缝,严重影响其防水封闭效果;沥青混凝土修补方便,可维护性高。     

快速重载运输趋势下的城轨车辆技术发展特征

随着城市化的进程,城轨交通客流强度不断增大,发车间隔不断压缩,使得我国城轨交通呈现出快速、重载、智能的发展趋势。文章结合我国目前城轨车辆快速、重载的发展状况,提出城轨车辆最大轴重的概念和建议值,且应按最大轴重对承载结构件进行设计,详细分析了城轨车辆结构件的技术发展特征,并建议应及时检测和维护车轮和钢轨,降低车、轨的振动和噪声,以提高车、轨的综合使用寿命。     

周家嘴路车流起动波速统计研究

通过实际观测和统计分析 ,论证了平面交叉口红灯转绿灯时车流起动波速可以满足正态分布假设 ,更可以满足泊松分布假设 ,后者拟合优度高于前者。揭示了在周家嘴路条件下 ,随着车辆排队长度增加 ,起动波速会相应变大 ,呈负指数规律上升的趋势 ,与低速混合路段有明显差异。据此建议 ,如将交通流动力学模型应用于高速公路或城市高架道路一类问题时 ,状态指数取值在 2 .5左右为好。     

永磁电动机直接转矩控制中新型无传感器技术

剖析了两种典型转速直接估算方法,提出了一种新型的适用于永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制的无位置传感器技术.通过分别计算出定子磁链矢量角位移与转矩角,将后者从前者中减去得到转子磁链矢量的角位移进而得到转子速度信号,并采用改进积分器取代传统的积分器.该技术能有效地改善磁链原点漂移,提高直接转矩控制系统的磁链角位移与转速的求解精度.仿真及实验研究结果表明,采用这种无位置传感器技术的永磁同步电动机调速系统,具有良好的调速控制性能.