沙漠戈壁公路沥青路面裂缝成因分析及处治措施

我国沙漠戈壁公路在建成不久后路面病害就显现出来,特别是裂缝类病害,尤为严重.以G215国道柳园至敦煌公路沥青路面裂缝为例,横向裂缝、纵向裂缝广泛分布.调查分析裂缝的特征,分析出沙漠戈壁的极端气候,路面材料选择不当,盐渍土对路基、路面的侵蚀及过往施工质量问题是沥青路面裂缝病害的成因.根据裂缝形成的原因,提出沙漠戈壁公路沥青路面裂缝的处治措施,可为同类工程提供经验.     

公路桥面铺装早期破坏原因分析及治理方法研究

鉴于重型卡车的增多对公路桥面造成了较大的伤害,通过分析其破坏原因,并提出有效措施治理,从而避免桥面破坏的加剧.     

重载铁路翻浆冒泥病害调查与研究对策

结合重载铁路大秦线路基病害,对大秦铁路北同蒲线典型病害断面进行取样调查并进行物性试验分析。结果表明:大秦线翻浆冒泥病害主要为道床翻浆冒泥,并提出整治对策,为既有重载铁路路基翻浆冒泥病害的预防和整治措施提供参考。     

Crash prediction with behavioral and physiological features for advanced vehicle collision avoidance system

Real-time crash prediction is the key component of the Vehicle Collision Avoidance System (VCAS) and other driver assistance systems. The further improvements of predictability requires the systemic estimation of crash risks in the driver-vehicle-environment loop. Therefore, this study designed and validated a prediction method based on the supervised learning model with added behavioral and physiological features. The data samples were extracted from 130 drivers’ simulator driving, and included various features generated from synchronized recording of vehicle dynamics, distance metrics, driving behaviors, fixations and physiological measures. In order to identify the optimal configuration of proposed method, the Discriminant Analysis (DA) with different features and models (i.e. linear or quadratic) was tested to classify the crash samples and non-crash samples. The results demonstrated the significant improvements of accuracy and specificity with added visual and physiological features. The different models also showed significant effects on the characteristics of sensitivity and specificity. These results supported the effectiveness of crash prediction by quantifying drivers’ risky states as inputs. More importantly, such an approach also provides opportunities to integrate the driver state monitoring into other vehicle-mounted systems at the software level.     

Establishment of a Dredged Material Disposal Site in the Exclusive Economic Zone: New Zealand

Disposal options for muddy dredged material, especially if lightly contaminated, is an issue facing many countries, particularly if environmental protection and adherence to the Protocols of the London Dumping Convention is a regulatory requirement. For the case of the oceanic islands of New Zealand, disposal of muddy dredged material has become an issue for the prime city of Auckland. Accordingly, it has been necessary to investigate a suitable marine disposal site outside of the territorial seas in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Ideal properties for such a disposal site include a near flat surface on the continental shelf, with sediments of similar textural characteristics to the material being disposed, a site of non-critical benthic ecology, water depths sufficient to enable the disposal site to be monitored (as required under the London Dumping Convention), a site experiencing low shelf currents, not affected by significant wave agitation, and a site not of cultural significance. The approach for site establishment and gaining consent for disposal activities is reviewed. Preliminary investigations supporting a proposed site on the continental shelf in the EEZ are presented.     

高黎贡山隧道1#高地温斜井降温处理技术研究及比选

为解决高地温隧道工程中存在的作业环境差、机械设备故障多、劳动生产率低等高温热害问题,以大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道1#长大斜井为背景，进行技术研究和降温方案比选。首先,分析热水源、监测隧道洞内外气象条件，通过加强通风措施改善人体的舒适度。其次，采用注浆封堵热水源，减少热水流量，控制施工环境的湿度和温度；采用冰块+射流风机+快热交换的处理措施，冰块吸收隧道内热量，降低局部环境温度；采用机械制冷设备进行强制降温，改善热害隧道施工环境；综合优化资源配置，采用增加作业人员和设备数量，倒班作业，缩短人员和设备作业时长等多种处理措施。最后，分析各种降温措施能够达到的施工效果。结果证明，针对以围岩、热水为主要热源的高地温隧道施工，采用“通风降温+注浆堵水+机械降温+合理施工组织”的处理方案，符合高地温隧道施工的技术要求。     

A review of the impact of parking policy measures on travel demand

This paper reviews the empirical evidence relating to the impact of parking policy measures on the demand for parking and for travel. Disaggregate modal choice models, disaggregate parking location models and site‐specific studies of parking behaviour are examined. With regard to modal choice models, it is concluded that few studies deal adequately with parking factors, but that there is some support for the view that parking policy measures are a relatively important influence on modal choice. When parking location models are examined parking policy variables are shown to have a substantial impact on choice of parking location. With regard to site‐specific studies, the paper concludes that there is a great variation in the parking price elasticities quoted, which reflects partly the methodological problems associated with such studies. Suggestions to improve model specification are made.     

软岩隧道初期支护沉降机理及其工程措施研究

为解决软岩隧道开挖过程中初期支护整体下沉普遍较大的工程难题,依托郑州至西安高速铁路大断面黄土隧道及成昆铁路第三系昔格达地层软弱围岩隧道工程,通过理论计算及现场实测,对软弱围岩隧道初期支护普遍沉降较大的原因以及采取的工程措施的可靠性进行分析,得到以下成果： 1）软弱围岩隧道下沉量往往超过20 cm,现场实测的拱脚承受最大荷载为897.4 kN,初期支护整体下沉大的主要原因是拱脚压力较承载力大一个数量级; 2）锁脚锚杆靠近钢架位置的轴力最大,为55 kN。大拱脚的承压特性显著,其压力极值达到0.9～1.7 MPa; 3）增设锁脚锚杆（管）、扩大拱脚和及时闭合仰拱是控制软岩隧道初期支护沉降的关键措施。     

跨海桥梁基坑冲淤变化监测与分析

通过近3个月的基坑冲淤变化监测,获得港珠澳大桥项目桩基施工过程中大量现场多波束和单波束测深仪观测的数据资料,对施工期基坑泥沙冲淤特征变化进行分析,得到基坑挖后冲淤量变化规律,结合工程实际,提出有效保障正常施工的基坑开挖措施。     

重力式码头胸墙面层防裂新措施及效果

码头面层裂缝是常见的一种质量通病。文中介绍了重力式码头工程胸墙面层防裂治理所采取的多项措施和取得效果,对控制重力式码头胸墙面层裂缝具有一定参考价值。