Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

钻孔灌注桩成孔过程中几个问题的探讨

介绍了钻孔灌注桩施工过程中经常出现的问题,分析了产生问题的原因,并提出了解决问题的措施。     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.     

嘉兴港乍浦三期港区美福项目(码头工程)平面布置特点

根据工程实例,介绍石化码头平面布置特点。码头采用大、小作业平台相结合的布置形式,不仅满足大宗成品油装卸要求,还适用于散化品小批量、多货种的装卸。     

国外疏浚物的处理与利用

随着科学技术的发展和人类环保意识的增强 ,疏浚物的利用范围越来越广泛。简要介绍了一些国家和国际组织对疏浚物的研究成果和抛填技术的应用     

衬砌刚度对盾构隧道抗震性能的影响分析

研究目的:提高盾构隧道的抗震性能是保证隧道安全运营、保证人民生命及财产安全的必然要求。盾构隧道抗震减震措施主要有改变衬砌一定范围内围岩的性能和改变结构本身的性能。改变衬砌结构本身性能方面有多种方式,如增加衬砌厚度,改变管片环向或纵向接头方式、改变衬砌刚度等。本文通过数值分析比较不同的衬砌刚度对盾构隧道抗震减震性能的影响,为盾构隧道抗震设计提供参考。研究结论:根据不同衬砌刚度盾构隧道的受力分析,得出单纯提高管片的刚度并不能提高盾构隧道的抗震性能,反而增加衬砌管片的受力。随着隧道衬砌刚度的增加,衬砌结构的位移减少量不足2 mm,因此增加衬砌刚度对约束盾构隧道在地震作用下的变形并不明显。     

张集铁路旧堡隧道断层破碎带初期支护大变形原因分析及治理措施

旧堡隧道穿越太古代变质岩系,构造发育、岩体破碎,地质条件极差。隧道于DK28+380~DK29+630段穿过断层及其影响带,施工过程中多次发生溜渣突泥突水塌方并引起初支大变形,严重影响施工安全及工程进度。结合该段地质条件,从围岩岩性特点、岩体结构特征、多期构造运动叠加及地下水共同作用等几个方面,探讨该隧道大变形的原因和机制,并阐述了后期施工中采取的加强结构支护、注浆加固、增设临挡护墙等处理对策,对类似工程地质条件地区隧道施工支护有一定的借鉴意义。     

预防地铁车站被毒气袭击及应对措施

在分析当前地铁面临恐怖袭击形势的基础上,对地铁车站毒气事故的预防及应对措施提出对策,并对西安地铁运营单位提出现实、可操作的建议。     

公路高边坡稳定性分析与加固措施研究

边坡在建设以及运营过程中,在受到降雨等外因作用时,失稳时有发生,一旦发生,轻则阻碍交通,重则危及行车安全。研究表明,南部多雨地区,针对高液限土质边坡,应在可靠截、排水措施下,进行加固设计,并设置坡面防护,可有效确保边坡长久的稳定。依托乐广高速公路K79+605~K80+160左侧边坡变更设计工程,利用Midas GTS分别建立影响因素分析模型,研究多工况下边坡的稳定性,并对加固与防护设计进行评估。     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。