Numerical simulation of level ice impact on landing craft bow considering the transverse isotropy of Baltic Sea ice based on XFEM

Ice bending is a major failure mechanism of level ice when ships and marine structures interact with level ice. This paper aims to investigate the ice bending and ice load when level ice collides on ships and marine structures using numerical simulation method, and compare the numerical results with field test. The fracture of ice is simulated with extended finite element method (XFEM), and cohesive zone concept is used to describe the crack propagation. In order to consider the characteristics of S2 columnar ice, a transversely isotropic elastic material model is used for the ice bulk elements, and a transversely isotropic Tsai-Wu failure criterion is adopted to predict the initiation of cracks. A well-controlled field test of a landing craft bow colliding with level ice in Baltic Sea is simulated to verify the numerical scheme. The ice plate's continuous deformation, crack initiation and crack propagation at different impact velocities and angles are simulated and the results are discussed. In the simulation, the bending crack emerges at the midline of the top surface of ice plate, then propagates towards free boundary, and finally a circumferential crack forms. It is found that with the impact velocity increases, the bending load increases and the fracture size (perpendicular distance from the crack to the contact edge) decreases. And as the angle between the landing craft bow and vertical direction increases, the bending load and the fracture size decrease. The simulated results corresponds well with the field test. The competition between the circumferential crack and radial crack is also found in the simulation and will be discussed in this paper. The results show that this method well simulates the bending of level ice and predict the ice load, and provides a good approach for investigating the mechanism of different forms of level ice fracture.     

Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.     

基于ANSYS Workbench的越野汽车轮毂有限元分析及优化

文章利用三维软件Creo建立轮毂的三维模型,导入ANSYS Workbench后进行网格化,形成有限元计算模型并进行计算,得出其极限工况时的应力、变形结果。依据分析计算结果,提出结构改进方案并进行验证计算,为优化设计提供重要的理论依据。     

长输油气管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术研究

以管道漏磁内检测器为载体,通过对管体进行在线的漏磁内检测,可以达到量化管道缺陷、避免事故发生的目的。文中介绍了管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术,分析了油气管道漏磁内检测技术原理及漏磁内检测系统组成,利用有限元分析方法研究了管道缺陷尺寸对于漏磁场信号的影响,验证了管道漏磁内检测技术的可靠性。     

节理塑性对岩体性能的影响分析(英文)

节理岩体的受力性能既取决于材料本身，又取决于节理面的力学性能。特别是剪切引起的节理面塑性性能对节理乃至整个岩全的力学反应都会有一定的影响。采用有限元方法并利用考虑节理塑性的弹塑性节理单元仿真裂缝，探讨了节理面塑性对节理体弹性性能的宏观影响。     

钻孔法测试残余应力基础理论研究

论述了传统钻孔法测试残余应力中存在的不完善之处。并对中心有一圆孔(包括穿孔与盲孔)的钢板,在各种载荷工况下,根据实际应力场与直角应变花测试的实际情况,用弹塑性FEM算得各种工况下的结点应变值,用结点数值的变化来模拟直角应变花测得数据,并计算出大量的已知应力场的直角应变花的三个释放应变。通过逐步回归的数学处理方法,建立了钻孔测试法中,残余应力与测试应变之间的关系式。     

厚壁球壳的杂交／混合有限元分析

本文对８一节点四边形轴对称杂交／混合元ＡＸＨＭ１６进行了系列考核：（１）考查ＡＸＨＭ１６是否含有零能变形模式，以查明它的含秩状况；（２）通过受内压作用的厚壁球壳考题，观察ＡＸＨＭ１６的转轴不变性和其它性能表现。事实表明：ＡＸＨＭ１６满足单元合理足秩的必要条件和充分条件，不含零能变形模式，单刚合足秩。数值考核表明：ＡＸＨＭ１６具有很好的位移精度和应力精度，对坐标转轴的敏感程度并不明显，且在近乎相同的     

常规方法计算桥墩盖梁扭矩的合理性探讨

通过分析用常规计算方法和有限元算法对同一桥墩进行扭矩计算结果的巨大差异,得出了常规算法过于保守,不利于客观地评定盖梁的抗扭承载力,同时也说明了用空间梁单元,计算盖梁扭矩的合理性.     

亚砂土物理性指标的主成分分析

根据长江口北岸粘性土的工程勘察资料,采用主成分与主分量分析法,对亚砂土、亚粘土的多指标反映其土性信息的能力进行分析,所得结论具有一定的创新性和重要的参考价值.     

面向对象有限元程序的数据设计

面向对象语言丰富的数据类型及类的继承性为有限元方法提供了更高的数据安全性和设计灵活性，同时也带来了一些传统的面向过程程序设计方法所没有的问题。本文用封装在类里的数据代替Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ有限元程序中的公用区变量以降低耦合性；用静态变量定义类对象的共同属性以减少冗余性；用单元对象的链表结构取代单元文件以提高单元管理的效率和灵活性。对面向对象有限元程序设计所涉及的数据设计和维护的其它方面也进行了讨论。