Dynamic user equilibrium with side constraints for a traffic network: Theoretical development and numerical solution algorithm

This paper investigates a traffic volume control scheme for a dynamic traffic network model which aims to ensure that traffic volumes on specified links do not exceed preferred levels. The problem is formulated as a dynamic user equilibrium problem with side constraints (DUE-SC) in which the side constraints represent the restrictions on the traffic volumes. Travelers choose their departure times and routes to minimize their generalized travel costs, which include early/late arrival penalties. An infinite-dimensional variational inequality (VI) is formulated to model the DUE-SC. Based on this VI formulation, we establish an existence result for the DUE-SC by showing that the VI admits at least one solution. To analyze the necessary condition for the DUE-SC, we restate the VI as an equivalent optimal control problem. The Lagrange multipliers associated with the side constraints as derived from the optimality condition of the DUE-SC provide the traffic volume control scheme. The control scheme can be interpreted as additional travel delays (either tolls or access delays) imposed upon drivers for using the controlled links. This additional delay term derived from the Lagrange multiplier is compared with its counterpart in a static user equilibrium assignment model. If the side constraint is chosen as the storage capacity of a link, the additional delay can be viewed as the effort needed to prevent the link from spillback. Under this circumstance, it is found that the flow is incompressible when the link traffic volume is equal to its storage capacity. An algorithm based on Euler’s discretization scheme and nonlinear programming is proposed to solve the DUE-SC. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the mechanism of the proposed traffic volume control scheme.     

某大跨度隧道支护破坏原因分析

文章针对某采用双侧壁导洞法施工的大跨隧道在导洞施工过程中的临时支护破坏现象,结合实际的净空收敛监控数据对支护内力进行了反分析,重点就支护破坏形成原因进行了分析。分析结果表明:当导洞下台阶开挖时,导洞内壁会产生较大的水平变形,且后续导洞开挖对先开挖侧导洞临时支护变形影响较大;下台阶位置处临时支护以承受弯曲应力为主,受力状态较为不利,易因弯曲应力过大而导致拉裂破坏;先行开挖侧导洞临时支护在后开挖侧导洞施工的反复影响下,无论是轴向应变还是弯曲应变均明显高于后开挖侧导洞,破坏程度因此也更为严重。     

多边形孔奇异性应力干涉问题的研究

采用一种新型杂交元方法研究了多边形孔相互干涉条件下的奇异性应力场问题.首先运用多变量变分原理构造一种超级切口尖端单元,其中,假定的应力场和位移场变量是利用奇异性场数值特征解推导出来的.尔后将该超级切口尖端单元与传统4节点杂交应力元耦合在一起,即可建立起一种分析含任意多边形孔弹性结构分析的新型有限元模型.最后用该模型考察...     

客运专线预制箱梁后浇翼缘板施工技术

由于受隧道施工限界影响,客运专线双线整孔预制箱梁无法通过隧道,预制时先切除两侧部分翼缘板,待架设后再现浇切除部分翼缘板。介绍了切除翼缘板箱梁现浇施工支架的设计和关键施工技术,可为同类预制梁施工提供技术参考。     

关于城市道路协调性设计的思考

城市道路是城市公共空间的载体,城市的发展既要进行大规模的道路建设,也要关注建设中的细节问题。城市道路作为城市的名片和＂多维空间的综合造型设计＂的载体,应当纳入城市设计的范畴,城市道路总体设计应担当起＂统筹兼顾,和谐发展＂的使命。     

抗力分项系数双重迭代求解算法

分析了映射变换法与插值法的嵌套循环特性,提出了抗力分项系数的双重迭代求解算法,应用VB编制了计算程序,计算了活恒载效应比为0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、1.50、2.50六种工况下的构件抗力分项系数,将分项系数乘以荷载效应组合值后得到修正抗力值,针对修正抗力与荷载效应进行了可靠指标校核验算.计算结果表明:应用...     

冰冻地区公路路基边坡的防护措施

北方冰冻地区公路建设中如何保持路基边坡稳定,对自然植被遭破坏的边坡如何进行恢复与保护,以防止边坡水毁及减少土壤侵蚀与流失的工程措施进行了探讨,提出公路边坡防护方案,并将其运用于实际工程实践。     

Nonlinear analysis of short concrete-filled double skin tube columns subjected to axial compressive forces

Proper material constitutive models for concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) columns with circular cross-section and subjected to axial compressive forces are proposed and verified against experiment data using the nonlinear finite element program Abaqus. It is shown that CFDST columns can provide a good confining effect for concrete core, especially when the diameter-to-thickness ratios of both the outer and the inner tubes are small. In addition, empirical equations are proposed to predict the lateral confining pressure of the concrete core for CFDST columns. Finally, the axial strengths of the CFDST columns calculated by the proposed formulations are compared with AISC formulations against the experimental data. It has been shown that the proposed formulations are better than the AISC formulations.     

环境最优区域动力定位控制方法的研究

环境最优区域控制是以能耗最小化为目标的船舶动力定位控制方法。环境最优区域控制是根据平均环境作用力自动控制船舶艏向至最优艏向角,通过对船舶状态的预测控制,在不使用任何环境传感器的情况下,用最少的能量,使其保持在限定的区域内运动,达到节约燃料、减少有害气体排放的目的。首先,建立了船舶数学模型,并采用环境最优艏向控制思想,使船舶以固定的半径和很小的回转速度做定常回转运动直至平衡位置,找到最优艏向角。在回转运动过程中,利用所设计的带有积分环节的非线性反步控制法对船舶运动进行控制。然后,通过预测船舶的状态,以能耗和精度为最优目标函数,采用滚动优化策略研究了区域预测控制,使船舶运动保持在限定的区域内。最后,对所研究的控制方法进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该方法达到了环境最优区域控制的目的。     

桐梓河特大桥非线性稳定分析与评价

稳定是高墩大跨刚构桥设计和施工过程中必须关注的关键性问题,而非线性稳定能真实地反应由初始缺陷引起的几何变形和结构中的局部材料已经进入非线性等对结构极限承载力的影响,故尤为重要。以主跨200m的贵州桐梓河特大桥为背景,考虑结构的几何非线性和材料非线性,对该桥最大双悬臂施工阶段的非线性稳定进行了模拟计算分析。