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51.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The article demonstrates the implementation of a model-based vehicle estimator, which can be used for combined estimation of vehicle states and parameters. The estimator is realised using the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) technique, which makes use of two Kalman filters running in parallel, thus 'splitting' the state and parameter estimation problems. Note that the two problems cannot be entirely separated due to their inherent interdependencies. This technique provides several advantages, such as the possibility to switch off the parameter estimator, once a sufficiently good set of estimates has been obtained. The estimator is based on a four-wheel vehicle model with four degrees of freedom, which accommodates the dominant modes only, and is designed to make use of several interchangeable tyre models. The paper demonstrates the appropriateness of the DEKF. Results to date indicate that this is an effective approach, which is considered to be of potential benefit to the automotive industry.  相似文献   
52.
    
This article presents a model for solving solid-fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor-semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid-fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker's volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker's walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid-fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.  相似文献   
53.
    
The dynamic interaction between the catenary and the pantographs of high-speed trains is a very important factor that affects the stable electric power supply. In order to design a reliable current collection system, a multibody simulation model can provide an efficient and economical method to analyze the dynamic behavior of the catenary and pantograph. In this article, a dynamic analysis method for a pantograph-catenary system for a high-speed train is presented, employing absolute nodal coordinates and rigid body reference coordinates. The highly flexible catenary is modeled using a nonlinear continuous beam element, which is based on an absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The pantograph is modeled as a rigid multibody system. The analysis results are compared with experimental data obtained from a running high-speed train. In addition, using a derived system equation of motion, the calculation method for the dynamic stress in the catenary conductor is presented. This study may have significance in providing an example that a structural and multibody dynamics model can be unified into one numerical system.  相似文献   
54.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Undesired lateral force inevitably exists in a MacPherson suspension system, which is liable to damper rod’s side wear and promotes the damper’s inner friction decreasing the ride performance from the suspension system. Substituting a new side load spring with curved centerline for the conventional coil spring has been proven able to solve these problems and Multi-body Dynamics combining with Finite Elements Analysis may be an efficient method in optimizing its design. Therefore, taking a passenger car as example, a detailed multi-body dynamics model for the suspension system is built to simulate forces exerted on the damper and the minimization of its lateral component is selected as the design target for the spring. When the structure optimization of the side load spring is performed using FEA software ANSYS, its vertical and lateral elastic characteristics, supported by test data, are analyzed. After importing FEA results back to the suspension system, the dynamics simulation can be performed to validate the optimization result.  相似文献   
55.
三轴汽车前后轮角输入时的响应特性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文详细推导了三轴汽车线性二自由度模型的运动微分方程,分析了汽车对前后轮角输入时的移居记响应特性。从汽车动力学的角度讨论了前后轮转应具备的比例关系。该方法同样适用于其它多轴汽车的建模分析。  相似文献   
56.
为深入研究液罐车整车侧向动力学行为, 探讨了椭圆形(圆形) 截面罐体等效机械液体侧向晃动模型; 基于计算流体动力学(CFD) 软件FLUENT, 评价了椭圆规摆(TP) 模型的预测精度, 分析了充液比、罐体截面椭圆率和激励频率对模型预测精度的影响; 提出了广义多质量TP模型, 通过合理分配液摆各部分质量及其间距来适应罐体截面椭圆率和充液比的变化; 基于Lagrange方法推导了广义多质量TP模型动力学方程, 给出了双质量TP (DMTP) 模型的质量比和质量间距参数的获取方法和拟合表达式, 并采用CFD方法评价了DMTP模型的预测精度。分析结果表明: 由TP模型得到的晃动力矩总体较CFD方法的小, 随着充液比和激励频率的增加, 预测误差变大, 充液比由30%增加到80%时, 峰值晃动力矩预测误差由15%增加到65%左右, 这主要是由于TP模型是在液体小初始倾斜角自由晃动条件下拟合所得, 当充液比和晃动频率较高时, 液摆的摆臂长度和参与晃动的液体质量都小于实际情况; DMTP模型在大部分充液比、罐体截面椭圆率和激励频率条件下都有相对稳定且较高的预测精度, 激励频率分别为0.2、0.3Hz时, DMTP模型的最大晃动力矩预测均方根误差均值和标准差分别比TP模型小54.2%、43.9%和45.1%、31.2%, 预测精度较TP模型有明显提高, 特别是能够较好地弥补TP模型在高充液比时预测误差较大的不足。  相似文献   
57.
基于车辆系统动力学理论,通过MATLAB软件模拟局部指数衰减型动态不平顺作为外部激扰输入,运用SIMPACK多体动力学仿真软件,分析了不同行车速度下不平顺的幅值对机车的轮轨动力响应的影响规律。分析结果表明:该局部激扰会使机车轮轴横向力、轮重减载率、横向振动加速度3个指标发生较大恶化;轮重减载率和轮轴横向力会出现同步的同频率同幅值的发散收敛;不平顺幅值的增加或者行车速度的增加都会不同程度地加剧3个指标的恶化。  相似文献   
58.
基于车轨耦合动力学理论,建立地铁车辆与地铁常用整体道床轨道的耦合动力学模型。对比地铁车辆在加装动力吸振器和未加装钢轨动力吸振器的轨道运行时的车体加速度、轮轨相互作用力、钢轨加速度以及轨道板(道床板)振动加速度等指标,综合分析其对车辆和轨道的影响,对钢轨动力吸振器的应用具有理论指导意义。对比从时域和频域分别进行,结果表明,地铁整体道床轨道在加装钢轨动力吸振器以后,车体垂向加速度受到的影响很微小;轮轨动作用力有减小趋势;钢轨加速度和道床板表面加速度在钢轨pinned-pinned共振频率附近有明显的降低。安装钢轨动力吸振器有利于轨道减振降噪,对轮轨动作用力的降低也有益处。  相似文献   
59.
依照ITTC推荐规程对美国DARPA潜艇模型SUBOFF光体在不考虑自由表面情况下的CFD计算进行不确定度分析。选取中间尺度的时间步长,验证中采用细、中、粗三套网格。在最精细的网格上进行不同时间步长的研究。最后对潜艇表面压力计算进行确认。  相似文献   
60.
A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.  相似文献   
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