Suburban attitudes toward policies aimed at reducing solo driving

Policies that are aimed at discouraging commuters from solo driving have become a part of overall efforts to improve air quality and reduce traffic congestion. Since driving alone is the overwhelming choice of employed residents in US metropolitan areas, the political acceptability of proposed policy changes plays a role in their success. The 1992 Orange County (CA) Annual Survey asked employed solo drivers to rate their likelihood of changing from solo driving in response to various fees and incentives. Fewer say they would be very likely to stop solo driving if they were charged a parking fee at work (20%), a smog fee (17%) or a congestion fee (16%), than if their employers paid them a cash bonus for stopping solo driving (28%), or if more public transit (33%) or more carpools at work (35%) were available. Young and lower-status solo drivers are more likely than others to say they would stop driving alone if there were fees or cash bonuses. Current non-solo drivers tend to be young and low income, providing a validity check on the demographic predictors of stated preferences. The findings are discussed in light of recent policy changes in Southern California.     

盘式制动器性能试验台模拟机的研制

对盘式制动器工作原理及试验原理进行了研究，研制开发出了盘式制动器性能试验台模拟机。介绍了模拟机主机部分的设计，实现飞轮组的多片组合，设计出驱动制动系统和单片机测试系统，以保证系统的模拟精度。     

人机混驾环境下基于深度学习的车辆切入轨迹预测

为保证人机混驾环境下自动驾驶汽车的安全行驶,对周围车辆切入轨迹的预测至关重要.本文首先使用Savitzky-Golay滤波器对大规模采集的自然驾驶数据进行去噪处理,根据准则提取车辆切入片段,建立符合中国道路状况的车辆切入数据集.其次,发挥Bi-LSTM网络能充分利用上下文信息的优点和in-out快捷连接有效减少梯度消失...     

GPS-based optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles’ power demands in a cold weather city

Using the WPG03 duty cycle developed from global positioning data collected in Winnipeg, Canada, real world energy demands and costs are modeled. Three types of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, four temperatures and two charging scenarios are compared to a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Cold temperatures are shown to greatly affect vehicle operation energy costs, which is an important consideration for cold weather cities such as Winnipeg. The largest energy cost savings are obtained for smaller-battery plug-in hybrids that had the opportunity to charge during the day.     

城市公交车行驶工况的构建

以城市公交车为研究对象,运用覆盖率、路段频度等方法,选取城市典型的公交运行线路,并进行大量的实验和实际运行数据的采集。利用主成分析和聚类分析构建行驶工况,研究表明,将众多反映道路交通特征的运动学片段特征值用主成分析法压缩成代表原始数据80%以上信息的3个或4个公因子的方法是可行的,接着用聚类分析提炼这些运动学片段。根据统计分析的概率随机选择并重组实际运动学片段,并以典型公交线路为研究对象进行分析,得出一个基于实际公交车速度的行驶工况,构建能反映典型公交线路交通状况的工况。     

高速公路立交入口区域行车风险评价模型

分析了高速公路立交入口区域车辆行车特征,提出了碰撞危险指数概念,考虑了碰撞可能性系数、碰撞车辆速度差、目标车道跟驰车辆在碰撞时的速度、加速度、前后车辆间距5个因素,将入口区域车辆可能发生的碰撞行为分为5种情形,研究了5种情形的发生条件,建立了相应的风险评价模型。针对不同的主线车辆运行车速、车头间距和匝道驶入车辆运行车速...     

山区公路交通安全保障措施模拟评价

以云南小磨路K109+600～K122+024路段上的隧道群、陡坡与混行路段为试验样本路段,应用虚拟视景生成系统建立了路段三维静态与动态模型。在隧道内设置倒伏示警柱、视觉标线与常规标线3种中央隔离设施,在爬坡路段与混行路段上均设置附加车道,对比分析了3种路段上的平均车速与车辆平均横向位置,并评价了3种安全保障措施的效果。分析结果表明:在隧道内,3种中央隔离设施下的平均车速标准差分别为9.74、10.01、10.40 km.h-1,车辆平均横向位置标准差分别为0.54、0.70、0.69 m,说明设置倒伏示警柱后,车辆保持较好车速和横向位置;在爬坡路段上,当交通流量不超过1 000 pcu.h-1时,设置附加车道有利于主线路车辆车速的提高;在混行路段上,当非机动车流量分别为500、800 pcu.h-1时,设置附加车道后,车速增大,车速标准差减小,车辆横向位置变大,说明设置附加车道有利于提高和稳定车速,并可减少与对向车辆的冲突。     

认知主义学习动机理论对高职日语教学的启示

学习动机理论在第二语言习得中被认为是影响语言学习者学习成败的关键因素之一。文章从学习动机的视点出发,注重分析了认知主义学习动机理论,并从丰富教学内容、培养学生跨文化思维方式、纠正学生的不良学习动机等方面探讨了在日语教学中应如何运用这一理论更好的为日语教学服务。     

永川区城市时空扩展动力机制研究

以重庆市永川区为例,根据2000-2009年间的卫星遥感影像,开展永川区城市扩展变化研究,并探讨其城市扩展的驱动力机制.研究提出:人口和经济的快速增长是永川城市扩展的根本动力;山地城市的自然环境特征对城市扩展起着重要的制约作用;城市规划和政策本身并不是城市扩展的直接动力,但对城市空间扩展起到了重要的引导和控制作用;交通...