某铁路线运转值班人员工作负荷调查报告

为了解铁路运转值班人员工作负荷情况,为铁路运输的合理倒班、合理用工提供依据,对某铁路线的117名运转值班人员做了工作前后的生理疲劳和健康指标改变调查,评价其工作期间身体和生理健康水平,工作前后的生理疲劳、工作负荷情况。采用问询调查表调查117名运转值班人员的感觉疲劳情况及对工作班制的看法。调查结果表明,该线铁路的117名运转值班人员工作前后的生理疲劳指标改变、心理健康指标改变三班制和四班制差异显著,班制、工作单调和责任大是主要原因。提示改革班制、开展健康教育和干预是保证运转值班人员身体健康的主要手段。     

横向土压力对板桩主动土压力区内桩列的内力影响及桩列的内力计算

在斜顶桩铜管板桩结构中，准确计算位于板桩后主动土压力区内的支撑桩内力，对准确确定工程造价和确保工程质量是必要的。分析横向土压力对位于板桩后主动土压力区内桩列的内力影响，对桩列的内力计算进行探讨。     

膺架法拼装架设水中钢桁梁施工技术

结合奉化江便线桥水中钢桁梁拼装架设施工的实例,重点介绍了膺架法拼装架设水中钢桁梁的施工方法及施工过程中的控制要点。     

低温稀土渗硼研究

研究了稀土元素对固体渗硼的作用，测试了４５钢低温渗硼层的组织与性能．结果表明：加适量的稀土元素可显著的提高渗硼速度，低温渗硼层是由ＦｅＢ、Ｆｅ２Ｂ和Ｆｅ３（Ｃ２Ｂ）等相组成．其渗层组织致密、无明显疏松及孔洞，渗硼层前沿过渡区较窄，有良好的抗磨损特性．     

薄壁箱梁内力影响面的实用计算方法

根据功的互等定理,利用四节点壳体单元刚度矩阵的物理特性以及结构内力(应力)影响面的概念,推导出薄壁箱梁结构指定截面内力(应力)影响面的实用计算方法,并通过算例验证了该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法能极大地节约计算工作量,在实际箱梁结构设计计算中,特别是大型复杂宽体箱梁结构的三维设计计算中具有广泛的工程应用前景;且该方法实现了板壳结构内力影响面计算的可视化,解决了利用通用有限元软件不能进行结构内力影响面计算与图形输出的难题。     

立交桥加筋土挡土墙失稳分析及工程加固设计

描述了某立交桥两端引道采用加筋土挡土墙的现状 ,分析了加筋土挡土墙失稳的原因 ,并对稳定性进行了分析 ,通过计算结果分析 ,给出了结论、建议及实施效果     

DK式顶管掘进机泥土仓土压力控制系统研究

顶管施工中，控制地面沉降是最关键的技术之一。而影响地面沉积的主要因素之一，是顶进过程中泥土仓内土压力的控制。本文以半盾构油缸为控制对象，通过调节油缸伸缩，最终来控制机头泥土仓土压力大小。经参数计算、数学建模、仿真分析、样机验证，证明效果良好。     

Non-commuters: the people who walk to work or work at home

The paper focuses on the socioeconomic characteristics of workers at home and those who walk to work and these are compared with commuters (those who travel to work by motorized transportation). Understanding of such characteristics of these people is useful for purposes of designing policies that encourage these forms of "travel" to work, if it is believed desirable for planning or environmental purposes. For example, subsidizing public transportation may also have an impact on the proclivity to work at home or walk to work. Using a large census data set for Israel, separate subsamples are analyzed for heads of household and for their spouses. Metropolitan areas as well as peripheral urbanized areas are analyzed separately. Logit analysis is used to identify those variables that affect the likelihood of different groups of people to walk to work or to work at home.It is shown that walkers to work tend to be lower-income, less-educated people with lower asset ownership rates. Females are overrepresented amongst them, while "high-status" professionals are underrepresented. Workers at home appear to be a more complex group. They tend to have higher levels of education and wealth than commuters, but earn less on average. They include proportionately more females. The likelihood of working at home increases with home size and with ownership of some durable goods. The workers at home may in fact be comprised of two or more differing groups with contrasting characteristics, one higher-income and higher-educated, the other with lower socio-economic indicators. Because they may be a heterogeneous group, development of planning policies to encourage non-vehicle commuting may require different policy tools for the different subgroups.     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

盾构砂性渣土-泡沫混合物渗透性影响因素研究

渣土改良是确保土压平衡盾构在砂性地层中安全高效掘进的重要措施。目前盾构渣土常用的改良剂是泡沫剂,泡沫与砂性渣土混合后能有效降低刀盘扭矩、提高渣土的抗渗性。为研究盾构砂性渣土-泡沫混合物渗透性的影响因素,通过常水头渗透试验,从砂土级配、泡沫剂体积分数以及泡沫注入体积比3个方面分析混合物渗透系数的变化规律。结果显示： 1）混合物的渗透系数与等效粒径d20呈正相关变化; 2）随着时间的增加,混合物的渗透系数K20逐渐增加; 3）随着泡沫剂体积分数的增大,混合物的渗透系数先减小后增大; 4）当泡沫的注入体积比达到一定值时,混合物的渗透系数趋于稳定。