CRH型电动车组制动距离计算与监控装置制动模式曲线设计

通过对CRH型电动车组有关制动距离计算参数的分析研究，提出一套基于制动减速度的动车组制动距离计算方法和计算公式，同时对动车组LKJ列车监控装置制动模式曲线设计的有关问题作了论述。     

直线型GPS偏心观测法

GPS定位技术具有全天候、高效率、高精度且GPS点间无需通视、作用距离远等特点,在控制点无法架设GPS观测时,可采用偏心观测。介绍了从实用角度出发,在高精度GPS偏心观测中归心元素的测定方法,并介绍了其应用与其分析。     

基于分子动力学的车辆换道交互行为特性及其模型

传统换道模型中,把前后临界空隙作为参数固定数值,忽视了车辆和车道间的动态交互作用等因素.从分子动力学角度,系统考虑跟驰需求安全特性,从动态的需求安全距离角度研究车辆在“跟驰—换道—跟驰”过程中的行驶状态转换.确保在换道完成时,换道车辆和目标车道后车能以需求安全距离进行跟车行驶,建立了模拟分子动力学的期望安全间距模型,并对模型进行了仿真分析.结果表明,分子动力学特性模型可以把跟驰行为和换道行为很好地结合起来.研究成果为分析车辆运行交互特性,车辆可变限速技术,自适应巡航控制技术等提供理论依据和技术支撑.     

高压共轨电控喷油器结构参数的仿真研究

高压共轨电控喷油系统是提高柴油机整体性能、降低排放、污染的有效手段之一.本文对该系统核心部件——高压共轨电控喷油器进行模块化,采用数值模拟方法对该喷油器进行仿真研究,探讨了该喷油器主要结构参数对喷射过程的影响,确定了保证系统稳定性的结构参数选取原则,通过研究对高压共轨电控喷油器的确定和优化具有一定的参考价值.     

冲洪积复杂地层大直径盾构机长距离掘进关键设备配置设计研究

为避免出现大直径土压平衡盾构机长距离掘进复杂地层时设备配置不当导致渣土改良效果差的问题,以太原铁路枢纽西南环线东晋隧道盾构区间为工程背景,通过采用可变开口率完整直角型式复合刀盘,布设"立体分层"式刀具,土仓壁安装 3 个固定的主动搅拌装置,按照刀盘的旋转轨迹布置 16 路泡沫、膨润土喷嘴,设置 U 型转渣螺旋机,并在箱体上设计喷水口及改良口等措施,获得大直径土压平衡盾构机在冲洪积复合地层渣土改良的良好效果。     

A big data approach for clustering and calibration of link fundamental diagrams for large-scale network simulation applications

Existing methods for calibrating link fundamental diagrams (FDs) often focus on a limited number of links and use grouping strategies that are largely dependent on roadway physical attributes alone. In this study, we propose a big data-driven two-stage clustering framework to calibrate link FDs for freeway networks. The first stage captures, under normal traffic state, the variations of link FDs over multiple days based on which links are clustered in the second stage. Two methods, i.e. the standard k-means algorithm combined with hierarchical clustering and a modified hierarchical clustering based on the Fréchet distance, are applied in the first stage to obtain the FD parameter matrix for each link. The calibrated matrices are input into the second stage where the modified hierarchical clustering is re-employed as a static approach resulting in multiple clusters of links. To further consider the variations of link FDs, the static approach is extended by modifying the similarity measure through the principle component analysis (PCA). The resulting multivariate time-series clustering models the distributions of the FD parameters as a dynamic approach. The proposed framework is applied on the Melbourne freeway network using one-year worth of loop detector data. Results have shown that (a) similar roadway physical attributes do not necessarily result in similar link FDs, (b) the connectivity-based approach performs better in clustering link FDs as compared with the centroid-based approach, and (c) the proposed framework helps achieving a better understanding of the spatial distribution of links with similar FDs and the associated variations and distributions of the FD parameters.     

高速铁路轨道平顺性静态长弦测量矢距差法数学模型推导及特性分析

我国高速铁路采用从德国引进的矢距差法对轨道长波不平顺进行静态管理,并在实际应用中对测量方法进行了简化。本文通过理论推导,分析矢距差法及简化矢距差法的检测原理和特性。矢距差法测量结果受测弦起算点的影响,且传递函数与起算点位置及轨道不平顺波长有关;简化矢距差法测量结果只受轨道不平顺波长的影响,计算可控性优于矢距差法;当路基出现较大局部不均匀变形时,矢距差法和简化矢距差法在评判结果上相差很大,不宜用简化矢距差法;对比检测原理与实际检测结果表明,这2种方法与车体加速度响应匹配性较差,在目前的验收管理限值下并不适用于直接对运营期高速铁路长波不平顺进行评价。     

基于截线法的铁路扣件骨架提取算法

为了能够精确描述铁路扣件端部形状,提高铁路扣件的识别率,以及满足扣件检测的实时性要求,提出了一种基于截线法的铁路扣件骨架提取算法。首先,通过预处理得到原始图像的二值图像及其感兴趣区域;其次,应用不同方向的方位距离变换计算扣件各端部区域的骨架生长点;然后,以骨架生长点为中心沿扣件的弯曲方向分别利用水平线族和竖直线族扫描扣件端部轮廓,得到截线段后,计算其中心点;最后依次连接骨架生长点和所有截线中心点即可得到完整的扣件图像骨架。理论分析与实验结果证明,本文算法对扣件形状的描述能力强,并且可以准确识别扣件形状。对于复杂图像的识别具有较好的效果,在识别缺陷扣件时具有较强的应用优势。算法运行时间较短,可以达到实时性的要求。     

A study of human mobility behavior dynamics: A perspective of a single vehicle with taxi

In this paper, we first research on the distance distribution of human mobility with single vehicle based on the driving data from a taxi company in South China. Different from conventional exponential distribution, we discover the mobility distance with taxi follows power-law distribution. Further, we proposed a model which may explain the mechanism for the power-law distribution: mobility distance is constrained by time and fare. Specifically, the relationship between fare and mobility distance follows piecewise function, and responds to individual sensitivity; the relationship between time and mobility distance follows significant logarithmic relationship. These two factors, especially the logarithmic relationship between time and mobility distance, may contribute to a power-law distribution instead of an exponential one. Finally, with a simulation model, we verify the significant power-law distribution of human mobility behavioral distance with a single vehicle, by supplementing factors of waiting time and fare.     

自动闭塞设计的新理念

CTCS 技术规范的制定,对自动闭塞设计的传统理念和方法产生了冲击,探讨采用目标距离模式曲线方式控车后的自动闭塞的设计原则和方法,建议采用闭塞分区等长设计。