Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

An integrated assessment of alternative land-based passenger transport policies: A case study in Tenerife

Over recent decades, there have been numerous cases of land-based transport policies that have lacked clear and coherent strategies. This has not only hampered the resolution of issues like road congestion, but has also created new ones (e.g. strong social opposition to new train infrastructures). The absence of such strategies highlights the need for long-term transport policies with a wider vision of the issues, since land-based transport cannot be considered from just a technical perspective.The main objective of this article is to implement a participatory integrated approach to facilitate the understanding of land-based passenger transport governance issues on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. Relevant policy issues and alternatives are identified by the stakeholders involved. The inclusion of stakeholders in the assessment process is crucial to frame transport governance issues appropriately and to define and assess plausible policy alternatives. This assessment process even included a final step of validation of the results by stakeholders to foster discussion among them about transport issues and policy alternatives.Finally, due to the obstructive role played by some stakeholders in influencing past transport policies, an analysis of possible coalitions among stakeholders is also discussed.     

Estimating economic losses of industry clusters due to port disruptions

Seaport operations are highly important for industries which rely heavily on imports and exports. A reliable evaluation of port risks is essential to govern the normal running of seaborne transportation and thus the industrial economies. The occurrence of a breakdown in the trade facilitators, such as ports, will disrupt the smooth flow of supply chains for the industries. The estimation of the economic loss for an industry when a port gets disrupted is a challenging task as the relationship between the port and industry clusters is complex. This study aims to develop a systematic framework for performing economic loss estimation of industry clusters due to port disruptions. The whole risk assessment is split into three stages focusing on the establishment of a network flow model, economic estimations and evaluating risk mitigation strategies. The proposed idea is demonstrated by a case study on Shenzhen port and its related manufacturing industries. A dynamic inventory control strategy used by manufacturers is found to be beneficial for mitigating port disruption risks.     

基于盲数理论的我国海上战略通道安全风险评价

对我国海上战略通道进行安全风险评价是保障海上通道安全的重要环节。由于海上战略通道的安全风险具有多种不确定性，故可运用盲数理论建立我国海上战略通道安全风险等级评价的盲数模型。通过专家打分的方法对影响因素进行未确知测度，构造判断矩阵获得影响因素的权重，从而得到模型的综合未确知测度，根据既定的评价准则获得海上通道的安全风险级别。文中对我国重要的海上通道马六甲海峡进行了安全风险评价，其评价结果为：马六甲海峡的安全级别为较危险级别，验证了该盲数模型的有效性。     

村级河道水生态修复策略与技术措施研究——以闵行区浦锦街道为例

随着国家与公众对乡村生态环境的日益重视,如何对乡村河道进行有效修复成为当前的研究热点.现以闵行区浦锦街道为例,在对其水生态现状调研基础上,解析河道污染特征与污染物来源.并基于绿色生态修复的原则提出了在空间上通过生态缓冲区、河道及植物种植的方式构建河道生态系统的修复思路.进一步根据水体污染特性,制定了底质改良、紫外催化、沉水曝气、底部生物载体、生态浮岛、漂浮草垫、点源净化的内源污染防治技术措施.对比治理前后河道踏勘与水质检测结果显示:治理后河道水生态恢复较好、溶解氧浓度大幅提升、总磷得到了有效控制.后期可根据水体溶解氧浓度对曝气调控以促进对氨氮的去除效果.     

铁路隧道震害评估中标度法及权重值的确定研究

基于层次分析法原理,建立了铁路隧道结构构造和常见震害形式的层次模型,通过采用1-9标度法、9/9-9/1分数标度法、10/10-18/2分数标度法、20/2~28/2指数标度法、90/8~98/8指数标度法等5种方法分别构建判断矩阵,借助Matlab软件求最大特征值λmax后,运用计算一致性指标(CI)和平均随机一致性指标(RI),得出计算一致性比例CR指标值,对5种常用权重值计算方法的适用性进行检验。研究表明:在铁路隧道地震灾害损失定量评估时,采用9/9~9/1分数标度法计算权重值较为快速、准确、合理、便捷,可作为铁路隧道灾害定量损失评估权重值的计算依据。     

桥梁工程建设对生态环境的影响

通过分析桥梁工程在建设过程中，各施工环节对当地生态环境造成的不良影响，提出改善措施，达到建设与环保相和谐且可持续发展的目标。     

模糊层次分析法在高技术企业创业环境评价中的应用

研究高技术企业创业环境评价问题，运用系统分析方法构建了高技术企业创业环境评价指标体系，在此基础上深入研究了模糊层次分析法在高技术企业创业环境评价中的具体运用．结果表明模糊层次分析法是高技术企业创业环境评价的一个新的、有效的方法，最后对模糊层次分析法应用的局限性作了简要的分析．     

船载直升机着船预报系统及评估方法

介绍船载直升机着船预报系统的硬件组成和几种常用的预报方法,提出一种基于微成分分析的新的预报方法。最后,对综合考虑横摇和纵摇2种运动的着船预报效果进行评估。     

上海市静安区走马塘河道的治理工程生态修复研究

河流是城市发展的灵魂,河道不仅促进了城市的发展,而且见证了城市的发展,与人们的生产生活息息相关.从生态文明的角度研究了城市河流污染的协同治理,并以上海静安区走马塘河道的治理工程为例,分析其河道治理经验、技术,分析河流综合治理中采用的协调管理方法,对城市河流污染控制具有一定的启示.