Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

海堤内坡种植防护林的安全影响分析及尺度论证

海堤从外海堤脚至内侧护堤之间的滩涂围垦空间,既是陆地边缘,也是水的边缘。外侧可构建滨海景观,内侧结合随塘河形成亲水景观,具有得天独厚的优势。内侧平台的防护林及景观有机结合,可构建人们休闲旅游的"黄金绿带"。结合台州某海堤生态提升工程,提出海堤生态提升总体技术方案,重点对海堤内坡种植景观防护林对海堤安全的影响进行分析,明确种植平台高程、尺度布置等主要技术参数,为类似海堤生态改造工程提供参考。     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

Ecologically based hybrid life cycle analysis of continuously reinforced concrete and hot-mix asphalt pavements

An ecologically-based hybrid life cycle assessment model is used to evaluate the resource consumption and atmospheric emissions of continuously reinforced concrete and a hot-mix asphalt pavements. The cumulative mass and ecological resource consumption values are lower for continuously reinforced concrete, but the median values of cumulative energy and industrial energy consumption were lower for hot-mix asphalt. In addition, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement results in a higher sensitivity for the ecological resource consumption of hot-mix asphalt compared to that of fly ash when use on the natural capital utilization of continuously reinforced concrete pavement. The cumulative and industrial exergy consumption values are significantly reduced with increases in reclaimed asphalt pavement and fly ash, and the use of low fuel transportation modes.     

X80管线钢管的屈强比对其失效评估曲线的影响

X80及以上级别管线钢管的高屈强比是工程应用中的一个突出问题,失效评估曲线是其安全评定的重要依据。文中通过单轴拉伸和断裂韧性试验建立了高屈强比X80管线钢管的特征失效评估图及拟合方程。结果表明：随着钢管屈强比升高,失效评估曲线的截至线（最大载荷比）降低;高、低屈强比钢管的评估曲线在载荷比大于某一临界值时发生分离,且高屈强比钢管的评估曲线处于低屈强比钢管的评估曲线之下;高屈强比钢管的选择3评估曲线比选择1和选择2曲线更偏于安全。     

平原地区某内河生态航道整治工程设计要点

传统的内河航道建设重点关注航运、灌溉、防洪排涝等功能,但随着经济与社会的不断发展,人们也越来越关注传统功能外的生态美、景观美、人与自然和谐的问题。以某内河航道整治工程为例,针对平面规划线型与现状线型差异大、文物保护要求和生态景观要求高、环保压力大等工程特点,通过对航道平面线型、护岸结构、文物保护、生态景观、节能环保等关键技术要点进行研究,提出自然型护岸线、生态型护岸、矩形航道断面的文物保护方案、节能环保的装配式护岸建造方案等设计对策,达到航道建设的生态美、景观美、人与自然和谐的效果。     

长江中游生态护岸工程的岸坡植被分布特征研究

近年来长江中游河道治理和航道整治工程中采用大量的生态护岸技术,且取得较大生态效益,但是经过现场调查发现在生态护岸岸坡存在一条明显的青黄线.针对此问题,以长江中游航道整治工程新厂护岸工程和桃花洲护岸工程为例,以青黄线为界将岸坡分为青绿带和青黄带,分析岸坡上青绿带和青黄带狗牙根分布特征及其形成的原因,并通过统计水位累计频率...     

沿海港口发展环境及适应性分析

立足于国际经贸环境、中国国民经济以及中国对外贸易发展和产业布局调整的最新形势,分析当前全国沿海港口发展的阶段性特点及面临的宏观环境。提出码头评估能力的概念,客观分析港口吞吐量统计数据的构成,就沿海港口评估能力与运输需求的总体适应性、分区域适应性、发展结构适应性以及与产业布局适应性进行探讨,提出问题及建议,展望港口发展态势。     

海员胜任力结构及其评价标准初步研究

对129名海员进行了5项6个心理指标的测试。通过专家咨询法确定海员胜任力检测指标体系的权重系数，构建了海员胜任力特征结构模型与综合评价模型。提出了40岁以下和以上年龄海员的胜任力评价标准。     

某高桩码头的荷载试验和承载力评估

介绍某高桩码头原位荷载试验的试验方案和试验过程,并从安全承载角度评定了码头升级使用的可行性,提出了码头安全运行的建议.