基于底盘多子系统协调控制的车辆稳定性控制

针对底盘关键子系统对车辆行驶稳定性影响能力与有效作用区域的差异, 综合考虑轮胎的非线性特性与各子系统间动力学耦合关系, 建立整车14自由度非线性动力学模型, 分别运用非线性H∞控制和模糊控制对转向、悬架和制动子系统进行控制性能研究, 采用多级递阶控制理论设计了组织级、协调级和执行级的车辆稳定性多级协调控制系统。运用滑模控制理论与轮胎逆模型将组织级得到的保持车辆行驶稳定性所需的广义目标控制力和力矩转化为轮胎侧偏角和滑移率, 再基于功能分配原理对各子系统控制功能进行协调, 实现了底盘复杂系统的功能解耦, 并对整车稳定性协调控制系统进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明: 防抱死制动系统与半主动悬架系统联合控制对车辆稳定性的控制效果相对较差, 主动前轮转向的加入可以明显改善车辆的操纵稳定性。相对于汽车底盘子系统联合控制, 多级递阶协调控制能更好地改善整车行驶稳定性, 使制动距离减小, 保持滑移率基本在目标值0.2附近。     

考虑风险爱好驾驶人的相依Weibull随机交通分配模型

建立了考虑风险爱好驾驶人的相依Weibull随机交通分配(Weibull-DSA) 模型, 分析了感知等价路径负效用的Weibull边缘生存函数, 假设驾驶人总是选择感知等价路径负效用最小的路径到达目的地, 采用Copula方法构建了感知等价路径负效用的联合生存函数, 预测了路径选择概率; 设计了模型的迭代求解算法, 对模型进行了理论分析和数值验证; 研究了广州市交通调查获得的风险系数, 基于风险爱好和风险中立驾驶人, 比较了采用Weibull-DSA模型与经典的Logit-SUE和Weibit-SUE模型计算的路径选择概率、路段交通量、饱和度与系统总出行时间。计算结果表明: 随着风险系数的降低, 3种分配模型的交通系统总出行时间变大; 在风险中立情况下, 应用Weibull-DSA模型、Logit-SUE模型和Weibit-SUE模型计算得到每OD对的所有连接路径选择概率的最大差值, 分别为0.17、0.33、0.34, 在风险爱好情况下, 由3种模型得到的最大差值分别为0.20、0.36、0.41, 因此, 采用Weibull-DSA模型计算得到的不同路径选择概率的最大差值明显小于经典模型计算得到的最大差值; 相对于风险中立情况, 风险系数使得每OD对的所有连接路径选择概率的最大差值变大; 无论是风险爱好还是风险中立驾驶人, 采用Logit-SUE和Weibit-SUE模型计算得到的路段饱和度均小于0.9, 采用Weibull-DSA模型计算得到路段饱和度大于0.9;与经典模型计算结果不同, 采用Weibull-DSA模型得到的不同路径选择概率的最大差值相差较小, 一些路径获得更多交通量, 使得路径中通行能力最小的路段的饱和度大于0.9, 这一特征给出了城市路网中部分瓶颈路段拥堵现象一个新的解释。     

车辆转向架全域应力推演与实时监控

为了提高疲劳强度评定和疲劳寿命预测的可靠性与精度, 基于结构可测位置应力提出了全域应力推演方法进行任意位置的应力预测。引入了基于无网格计算的径向基函数插值理论, 建立了新的插值域选择规则, 改进了传统Multi-Quadric(M-Q)径向基函数。为了验证改进的M-Q径向基函数的插值性能, 在对转向架构架施加横向载荷为58 kN, 牵引载荷为55 kN, 垂向载荷为85 kN, 选取了应力不可直接测量的8个位置, 分别采用改进的M-Q径向基函数与薄板样条(TPS)径向基函数进行插值精度比较。分析结果表明: 采用改进的M-Q径向基函数预测的应力最大相对误差为0.090 6%, 平均相对误差为0.028 4%, 采用TPS径向基函数预测的应力最大相对误差为1.611 3%, 平均相对误差为0.604 2%, 因此, 采用改进的M-Q径向基函数推演转向架构架应变片不可测位置应力的计算精度远优于采用TPS径向基函数的精度; 结合改进的M-Q径向基函数插值算法, 开发了一套车辆转向架全域应力推演和实时监控系统(TPL Monitoring), 具有良好的交互性、实时性和可扩展性。     

高速三体船片体构型数学表达和兴波阻力计算

高速三体船以其优良的减阻性能、耐波性和稳性而具有广阔的军事和商业应用价值。尽管已有大型实船付诸应用,但高速三体船型的兴波阻力预报和减阻设计问题并未解决,而这又是高速三体船实际应用的重要环节。采用帐篷函数法进行高速三体船的片体构型设计,并据此计算各船型参数。将改进的线性兴波阻力数值算法应用于高速三体船的兴波阻力计算,根据模型试验结果,验证了计算方法的有效性。     

Stop-and-go traffic analysis: Theoretical properties,environmental impacts and oscillation mitigation

This study aims (i) to analyze theoretical properties of a recently proposed describing-function (DF) based approach (Li and Ouyang, 2011; Li et al., 2012) for traffic oscillation quantification, (ii) to adapt it for estimating fuel consumption and emission from traffic oscillation and (iii) to explore vehicle control strategies of smoothing traffic with advanced technologies. The DF approach was developed to predict traffic oscillation propagation across a platoon of vehicles following each other by a nonlinear car-following law with only the leading vehicle’s input. We first simplify the DF approach and prove a set of properties (e.g., existence and uniqueness of its solution) that assure its prediction is always consistent with observed traffic oscillation patterns. Then we integrate the DF approach with existing estimation models of fuel consumption and emission to analytically predict environmental impacts (i.e., unit-distance fuel consumption and emission) from traffic oscillation. The prediction results by the DF approach are validated with both computer simulation and field measurements. Further, we explore how to utilize advantageous features of emerging sensing, communication and control technologies, such as fast response and information sharing, to smooth traffic oscillation and reduce its environmental impacts. We extend the studied car-following law to incorporate these features and apply the DF approach to demonstrate how these features can help dampen the growth of oscillation and environmental impact measurements. For information sharing, we convert the corresponding extended car-following law into a new fixed point problem and propose a simple bisecting based algorithm to efficiently solve it. Numerical experiments show that these new car-following control strategies can effectively suppress development of oscillation amplitude and consequently mitigate fuel consumption and emission.     

Bottleneck model revisited: An activity-based perspective

The timing of commuting trips made during morning and evening peaks has typically been investigated using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. However, in the conventional trip-based approach, the decisions that commuters make during the day about their activity schedules and time use are not explicitly considered. This study extends the bottleneck model to address the scheduling problem of commuters’ morning home-to-work and evening work-to-home journeys by using an activity-based approach. A day-long activity-travel scheduling model is proposed for the simultaneous determination of departure times for morning and evening commutes, together with allocations of time during the day among travel and activities undertaken at home or at the workplace. The proposed model maximizes the total net utility of the home-based tour, which is the difference between the benefits derived from participating in activities and the disutility incurred by travel between activity locations. The properties of the model solution are analytically explored and compared with the conventional bottleneck model for a special case with constant marginal-activity utility. For the case with linear marginal-activity utility, we develop a heuristic procedure to seek the equilibrium scheduling solution. We also explore the effects of marginal-work utility (or the employees’ average wage level) and of flexible work-hour schemes on the scheduling problem in relation to the morning and evening commuting tours.     

CEC系统信息融合技术探讨

协同作战能力（CEC）系统是未来网络中心战感知网格的重要组成部分，本文将初步探讨CEC系统信息融合技术。首先介绍CEC系统，分析适合于CEC系统的信息融合功能模型，提出分布式融合结构模型，探讨CEC系统中航迹关联算法和目标识别方法等。     

支持向量回归在轮轨Hertz弹性接触计算中的应用

空间轮轨接触是铁道车辆系统动力学仿真对象模型中的重要柔性环节，基于材料线弹性假设的Hertz理论，可以给出两弹性体一般接触的复杂的隐式非线性关系.支持向量回归是统计学习理论中提出的新一代学习算法．轮轨接触计算可以使用它离线学习到一个显式的非线性关系．其逼近精度和表示复杂度可得到很好的折中．有利于铁道车辆系统动力学仿真的在线计算，     

多种评判函数在舰艇电力系统生命力模糊评估中的应用

应用模糊数学理论中的模糊评估方法对舰艇电力系统生命力进行模糊综合评估,建立舰艇电力系统在多种武器攻击下的模糊评估模型,在评估时使用多种评估函数进行综合评估得到舰艇电力系统的生命力指标。评估的结果说明了不同的评估函数在评估中的侧重点不一样,并且综合评估模型可以把模糊性很强的生命力指标定量化。     

政府在港口开发建设中的职能探讨

结合对港口具有的公共性、外部性、稀缺性等经济特征的分析，探讨在港口对社会经济贡献日益增加的情况下政府的职能．指出现阶段政府的宏观管理主要体现在规划、招商引资、控制资源释放以及研究港口发展战略等方面。