无砟轨道板精调车结构可靠性分析及优化

为提高无砟轨道板精调车结构的设计水平,考虑精调车荷载、几何尺寸和材料弹性模量等设计变量的随机性,对精调车结构进行可靠性分析、可靠性灵敏度分析和可靠性优化。首先,分析并得到精调车结构在串联失效模式下的结构功能函数;然后,运用响应面法和重要抽样方法,分析得到基于确定性优化的精调车结构的失效概率和可靠性灵敏度结果。最后,根据可靠性灵敏度分析结果,对该结构进行可靠性优化。分析精调车结构在可靠性优化前后的差异,结果表明,与确定性优化结果相比,可靠性优化使精调车结构自重增加了3.55%,但可靠度提高为0.999 999 987 7,说明设计变量的随机性对结构性能的干扰大幅减小。     

生态塘处理铁路中小站区生活污水

由于传统稳定塘占地面积大、处理效率低、产生藻类等缺点,限制了其工艺的推广应用。而生态塘系统在克服传统稳定塘系统缺点的基础上引入了生态的概念,通过在塘系统中人为地建立起稳定的食物链网,使塘本身既是污水处理单元又是利用单元,在污水处理的同时可以实现污水资源化。在一些偏远干旱缺水的铁路站区,采用生态塘系统处理站区产生的生活污水,运行维护管理容易、运行费用低,在产生良好的社会环境效益的同时,可实现干旱缺水地区的污水资源化利用。     

多重调谐质量阻尼器对简支箱型梁结构低频振动控制的仿真研究

为了研究MTMD(多重调谐质量阻尼器)对简支箱型梁低频振动的控制特性,首先通过对箱梁结构进行模态分析确定受控模态,利用经典扩展定点理论进行TMD(调谐质量阻尼器)的最优参数设计,并基于位移振幅最小化的原则,建立评价函数分别进行MTMD的最优参数设计;进而利用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行谐响应分析,研究了TMD的设置个数对减振效果的影响,并针对阻尼器的质量改变、刚度改变和阻尼改变进行了参数敏感性分析。研究结果显示:在附加质量相同的情况下,MTMD的制振效果随着设置阻尼器个数的增加而增强,但个数增至一定程度后,减振效果的提升不再明显;MTMD在质量、刚度参数发生偏移时的制振稳定性随TMD个数的增加而减弱,阻尼参数偏移时的制振稳定性随TMD个数的增加而增强。     

地铁环境振动预测中链式结构振级落差灵敏度分析

针对地铁环境振动预测中使用的链式结构力学简化模型,利用灵敏度分析对链式结构中各参数变化对各振级落差影响规律进行系统研究;推导给出振级落差一阶灵敏度解析表达式和一种逆矩阵偏导数求解方法;并提出利用自由衰减时域段实测数据逆求链式结构中各力学参数方法。研究结果表明:通过灵敏度分析可以确定链式结构中任一力学参数改变对其任一层振级落差影响程度,找出对系统动态响应影响较大的环节。该方法有助于提高环境振动预测精度。     

地铁盾构隧道管片设计参数的敏感性分析

以苏州地铁盾构隧道为计算原型,对设计中的关键参数进行敏感性分析,讨论设计方法、地质参数及结构参数对管片设计的影响,以及管片在水土分算与水土合算条件下受力性能的差异,并对苏州地铁盾构管片设计提出合理建议。     

高速铁路路基边坡纤维团粒喷播生态防护技术

针对高速铁路路基绿化工程高要求、少维护等特点,提出纤维团粒喷播技术,并详细阐述了其机理及特点.通过在京雄城际铁路路基边坡工程中的应用,归纳总结了该技术施工工艺流程:平整坡面→坡面覆土→铺设铁丝网→喷播基质→养护管理.喷播基质是利用喷播机械将性能优越的基质材料喷附至铁路路基坡面上的.工程应用表明该技术施工快,质量好,养护维修量小,经济性高.     

缓波型非粘接柔性立管的干涉敏感性

针对非粘接柔性立管在波浪和海流作用下易发生立管干涉的问题,以我国南海某油田输油立管和相邻锚链为例,分别对拖曳力系数、管道单位长度质量、外径、内部介质密度、立管抗拉弯扭刚度和悬挂角度等参数进行敏感性分析,得出不同参数的敏感性情况,并在此基础上提出一些建议供实际工程设计参考.     

Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement

Community-based management (CBM) could be an essential tool to prevent the depletion of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean region. In Kenya, political pressure to strengthen local governance, has led to adoption of CBM as a way of reducing over-exploitation and managing the competing uses and impacts on the marine environment. Several communities in Kenya have embraced CBM and have set aside or closed previously fished areas to enhance recovery of fisheries and biodiversity. These community fisheries closures (locally called tengefu), despite being degraded, may recover to finfish abundances and biodiversity levels similar to established MPAs or above thresholds for maintaining some ecological services. Communities see their direct involvement and control of these tengefu as more likely to result in benefits flowing directly to them. Community closures are also important for articulating and resolving community values and strengthening their management capacity. Here, we describe the evolution of the tengefu movement in Kenya and combine information from focus group discussions, interviews, underwater surveys and boundary marking to evaluate the current status, opportunities and challenges facing these tengefu. We show that in some cases community closures suffer from slow and incomplete national and local legislative processes, challenges to compliance, and weak management.     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.     

公路工程的水土保持生态补偿

就公路工程中所遇到的环境问题,结合设计施工中的解决办法,阐述公路工程的水土保持生态补偿,从而减小因道路施工给沿线自然地形、地貌造成的各种破坏,保护和改善当地环境,提高公路的使用效果,更好地发挥公路的各项功能。