长江口深水航道整治直接经济效益分析

采用"有无对比"方法,分析长江口深水航道从水深7 m整治到12.5 m所带来的直接经济效益。利用进出长江口深水航道的船舶数据、长江口及沿江港口吞吐量等基础数据,分3个整治阶段,按集装箱船、散货船、油船分别测算深水航道整治所带来的直接经济效益。提出长江口深水航道整治工程实施对于加快上海国际航运中心建设、带动沿江地区经济的快速增长和产业结构的优化调整均起到重要作用。     

不锈钢钢筋混凝土在地铁设计中的应用

从钢筋腐蚀寿命的角度出发说明不锈钢钢筋应用于地铁混凝土结构所具有的优势;利用现有的8根不锈钢钢筋混凝土梁的正截面承载力试验数据进行计算对比,结果表明《混凝土结构设计规范》关于梁正截面承载力的计算公式同样也适用于不锈钢钢筋混凝土梁,且计算偏于安全,同时还给出不锈钢钢筋与普通钢筋的对换表,方便不锈钢钢筋混凝土构件的设计;比较分析纵向受拉钢筋在不同应力比下不锈钢筋与普通钢筋混凝土构件最大裂缝宽度,得出在钢筋应力水平小于0.6的情况下,可以按照普通钢筋混凝土构件进行裂缝计算;针对地铁顶纵梁设计的耐腐蚀和造价两个方面提出不锈钢钢筋与普通钢筋混合使用的经济型构造措施,同时给出不锈钢钢筋建议使用的地下环境标准,为不锈钢钢筋混凝土在地铁设计中的实际应用提供参考。     

工程项目施工成本管理探讨

施工企业通过建立全员成本管理、全过程成本管理、综合成本管理制度,结合企业自身实际,认真做好工程项目的成本预测、成本计划、成本控制和成本核算,不断地总结、完善、提高,从而有效地控制工程成本,增加经济效益,提高企业竞争力.     

Marine Protected Area Costs as “Beneficial” Fisheries Subsidies: A Global Evaluation

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now generally accepted as important tools in the protection of coastal biodiversity. It is also likely that they play a positive role in enhancing fisheries. Yet currently, less than 1% of the global oceans are protected, although international agreements have targets ranging from 10–30% coverage. Despite its minuscule size, we consider the current MPA “network” to be beneficial to fisheries, and its running or maintenance cost, therefore, to be a positive contribution to the sustainability of fisheries, or a “beneficial” subsidy (“harmful” subsidies enhance fishing capacity and effort). A method was derived from data in Balmford et al. (PNAS, 101: 9694–9697) to estimate the annual cost of maintaining MPAs as a function of their size, and of the degree of development of the country in question. We provide national costs of the 53 countries that jointly contribute 95% of global fisheries catch and, assuming that this type of subsidy, in a given country, cannot exceed 15% of the ex-vessel value of its fisheries catches, estimated a global MPA subsidy to fisheries of 870 million US$. Given that total subsidies to fisheries currently range from 30–34 billion US$ annually (without MPA costs), this amounts to only 2.5–2.8% of total subsidies to fisheries being devoted explicitly to the maintenance of the biodiversity that sustains them.     

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures

ABSTRACT

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures links costs to system performance by combining a power-law function with time-dependent queueing analysis. Additionally, the model incorporates the marginal cost of capacity, including the effects of economies of scale. This allows the calculation of the marginal cost price under a dynamic framework. The model accounts for nonlinear behaviour of port demand, which is sensitive to price and service levels. The effects over time of cost and service levels on the port’s operational performance are quantified. The proposed model allows determining the optimal timing for capacity investment. The model is a starting point for the application of marginal cost pricing to ports. However, for practical application of such pricing method it is necessary to apply a system’s approach, as productivity and costs must be assessed at the terminal’s component level. This should allow the derivation of a marginal cost function at the terminal’s component level.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

浅探港口企业成本精细化管理

为降低港口企业成本,提高效益,对港口企业实施成本精细化管理.从树立成本精细化管理理念、建立成本控制工作机制、强化管理、坚持创新等4个方面阐述具体做法.     

浅析2013版建设工程工程量清单计价计量规范的变化和特点

在工程建设中,为全过程控制工程造价,2012年12月25日发布的2013版《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》和各专业工程量计算规范,制定了一序列管理条文,建立起从招投标到竣工结算的工程造价全过程管理机制.为便于新计价、计量规范的贯彻执行,此文将2013版规范与2003版规范和2008版规范进行对比分析,进一步介绍2013版规范修改、完善和增加的内容及特点.推动2013版规范在建设工程中的应用.     

成本管理是铁路施工企业项目管理的关键

当前及今后一段时期,国内建筑市场的竞争将日趋激烈,从确保材料质量和严格控制消耗数量,加强机械设备的配置和使用,认真做好经济比较和核算管理等方面,主要阐述了加强项目的成本考核和内部经济核算的观点和主要措施。     

黄骅港耙吸船施工周期与装舱时间研究

通过对耙吸船施工周期的研究以及施工参数的分析,确定最佳装舱时间,从而提高耙吸船生产率,降低施工成本。耙吸船最佳装舱时间的确定,使黄骅港综合港区20万吨级航道耙吸船施工生产率进一步提高,节约了施工成本。