SMA广泛运用于福建省高速公路的可行性研究

通过对进口材料经费进行的经济效益和社会效益的分析,最终得出结论:采用SMA新技术,虽然投资初期的花费较高,但由于它特有的优势和性能,能通过防止早期破坏、减少维修养护、延长使用寿命等方面得以回报。因此,SMA路面在福建省有着广泛的应用前景。     

中国比较优势与对外直接投资研究

在国际经济一体化、生产国际化、贸易全球化的发展趋势下,对外直接投资已成为世界各国通过比较优势实现规模经济效益的有效途径。分析我国进行对外直接投资的现状和动因,对比较优势贸易进行经济分析,揭示了比较优势下各国贸易行为产生的社会福利效应,结合我国比较优势的产生和领域提出了基于比较优势发展我国对外直接投资的对策建议,使我国企业能够更好地利用国内外资源开拓国内外两个市场,实现国内经济与国际经济接轨。     

Design and evaluation of an integrated inventory and transportation system

This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs.     

农村公路建设的社会经济效益分析

农村公路的社会经济效益是评价项目实施效果的重要依据。在分析了农村公路社会经济效益的产生机理的基础上,建立了一套较完善的农村公路社会经济效益评价指标体系。以浙江省"乡村康庄工程"项目为例,对本文建立的体系进行了检验,取得了较好的使用效果。     

基于结构可靠度的在役桥梁剩余价值分析

在BOT的交通基础设施建设模式下，转交政府相关部门后的基础设施从会计学的角度而言已经摊销完毕，但是从经济学角度而言。这些公共基础项目仍然发挥作用．产生着经济效益。对在役桥梁进行剩余价值分析，对于路政部门加强桥梁维护维修、加固甚至新建等决策管理都有实际意义。基于可靠度理论提出了一种折旧方法并用其进行剩余价值计算，为公共项目建设宏观经济的成本分析提供一种量化的工具。     

连徐高速公路对沿线地区经济增长贡献的实证分析

高速公路对于区域经济增长的促进作用已经得到国内外的广泛认可,通过连徐高速公路对沿线地区经济增长贡献的实证分析可以准确评估项目对沿线经济增长的作用,也为后续项目的决策和管理提供借鉴。从连徐高速公路与沿线经济的相关性入手,分析了2003年~2005年项目对于沿线地区经济增长的直接贡献,并对2006年~2010年项目的贡献进行预测。计算结果表明,连徐高速公路建设项目与沿线经济是协同发展的,其建成通车对于沿线地区的经济增长起着不容忽视的推动作用。     

公路建设项目经济评价概率分析

公路建设项目经济评价概率分析是研究不确定因素变化发生可能性的大小，以及在这种可能性下对评价指标的影响程度及项目获得收益的概率。运用离散性系统仿真原理，建立各风险因素概率模型，通过计算机产生(0，1)均匀分布随机数、各概率分布的随机变量，量化各因素对评价指标的影响程度，计算评价指标的风险概率。     

Effects of economic disincentives on private car use

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of economic disincentives on private car use. Eighty two-adult households who were owners of at least one car were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental and control groups logged their car trips during one week before, one week during, and one week after treatment. The treatment consisted of charging two of the experimental groups approximately 100% of normal cost per kilometer of driving during 2 weeks, and charging the third experimental group this amount per kilometer of driving during 4 weeks. With the purpose of investigating whether deliberate planning increases the effect of economic disincentives, the households in one of the former and in the latter group were asked to fill out a prospective car log for the following week. The control group was not charged or requested to fill out a prospective car log but was in other respects treated in the same way. Analyses of the car logs and odometer readings during and at the end of treatment showed a weak reduction of car use due to the economic disincentives that however were almost completely dependent on planning.     

浅析道路工程的经济效益

本文从价值观念出发 ,就道路结构、施工质量及管理、养护等方面 ,对城市道路工程的经济性进行了浅述。     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.