Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

高速公路雾区智能电子诱导系统

高速公路雾区智能电子诱导系统,是由多种高速公路监控设备、入侵探测技术和控制软件构成。采取动态节点探测器对驶入雾区的车辆作为移动物体进行连续检测,根据能见度仪检测的数值控制公路一侧的双色诱导灯转换数量,形成前后车辆的需要保持的安全行车距离,对车辆在雾区行驶实行诱导,旨在保障雾区不封道的情况下车辆行驶,它将有助于我国的智能交通管理的形成。     

Quantitative Analysis of impact of Bicycles on Vehicles in Urban Mixed Traffic

Bicycles create obvious impact on motor vehicles' behavior on urban road especially in China with mixed traffic. These influences can be divided into two states: friction and block interference. Based on the data of interference of bicycles on vehicles' driving in typical road section in Beijing, this paper quantitatively analyzes the velocity changing tendency of vehicles under different interference, velocity distribution frequency, and critical transformation of different interference state. The friction and block interference coefficients are also worked out, which are useful to compare interference degrees under different road conditions. As a result, the research based on sample data shows that the velocity distribution of vehicles has different characteristics under different interference state, and vehicles driving velocities are significantly different under the friction interference and block interference.     

考虑结构面黏聚力损伤变化的洞室块体稳定分析

为研究隧道开挖过程中临空面块体的稳定情况,进一步探究在其结构面具有胶结强度情况下块体的稳定性,运用黏聚力模型模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,以及相应的滑移和脱开行为。选取甘肃北山某典型花岗岩研究区域搜索出的块体,以及获得的结构面参数区间,分4种方案研究块体的稳定性,同时考虑初始地应力、开挖诱导的二次地应力等因素的影响。方案1赋予抗拉强度和黏聚强度一个很小的数值,从而可以分析块体仅受结构面摩擦应力影响下的稳定性;方案2、3、4分别考虑不同位置的块体可能的失稳情况,通过调整不同块体结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,分析块体稳定性。分析结果表明： 黏聚力模型能较好地模拟具有填充和胶结的结构面的抗拉强度和黏聚强度,并且能模拟结构面的滑移和脱开行为,可作为块体稳定性分析计算的工具;此外,也为模拟胶结结构面损伤随时间的渐进性发展提供一个新思路。     

低压油路供油压力对单体泵喷油压力的影响

为了研究不同供油压力下单体泵的建压过程及单体泵性能呈现出的变化规律,在电控单体泵试验台上进行了油泵台架试验,获得了高转速工况下不同供油压力的单体泵油压特性曲线。分析了供油压力与单体泵喷油压力之间的关系,并研究了电控单体泵空转时供油压力对单体泵性能的影响。结果表明:高转速时,供油压力低,油压建立过程存在无规律波动;高转速时,一定范围内,供油压力越大,油压上升时刻越早;不同转速对应着不同的临界充油压力,当供油压力大于等于临界压力时,单体泵才能够稳定而有规律地建压;相同工况下,一定范围内,供油压力越大,单体泵喷油量越大。     

基于多智能体的地铁列车运行调整方法

针对移动闭塞条件下地铁列车运行的特点,将降低列车群的总晚点时间和提高相邻列车对客流的吸纳水平作为性能指标,建立地铁列车运行调整模型。应用Agent、多Agent协作技术,构建地铁列车Agent,设计地铁列车运行调整算法,给出基于规则的地铁列车运行调整控制策略。根据列车群晚点程度的不同,列车运行调整分为全局调整和局部调整。全局调整采用偏移计划运行图方法,局部调整采用滚动优化方法,通过多次调整达到恢复计划运行图的目的,并分别给出相应的调整方法和调整步骤。以北京1号线为背景进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明:基于多Agent协作技术的地铁列车运行调整方法是合理的,并具有动态的扩展性。     

计算机联锁与18信息（有反方向）自动闭塞结合电路的探讨

本文阐述了计算机联锁与18信息(有反方向)自动闭塞结合电路设计的基本方法,是笔者与有关专家研究和实践的总结。愿与同行交流和探讨。     

反隐身雷达技术及其对抗

采用隐身技术或低可观测性技术制造的攻击武器，是未来防空系统重点对抗的主要目标威胁，它对雷达的生存能力提出了严峻挑战。这就迫使雷达等探测设备加速发展反隐身技术，提高探测隐身目标的能力，以对抗隐身技术。主要阐述了反隐身雷达的技术措施和发展方向，并对利用电子战手段对付隐身目标作重点论述。     

四显示自动闭塞改造工程按三显示自动闭塞配套开通的过渡方法

现行设计方案采用四显示移频自动闭塞。因区间改造只能按区段一次开通，站场改造又先于区间改造，本着最大限度减少对运输影响的原则，避免二次大封锁，制定的施工过渡方案为软件不变，即站内仍按区间四显示设计一步到位（包括计算机联锁软件），只改硬件（即接口、信号机点灯电路），这样既减少了施工封锁次数，又满足了运输生产的需要。     

地铁移动闭塞系统降级控制的探讨

移动闭塞系统是城市轨道交通自动控制系统的重要组成部分，从“故障-安全”原则的角度分析移动闭塞系统在各种故障情况和特殊情况下的降级模式和控制方式。