Assessing the impact of tactical airport surface operations on airline schedule block time setting

With the growth of air traffic, airport surfaces are congested and air traffic operations are disrupted by the formation of bottlenecks on the surface. Hence, improving the efficiency and predictability of airport surface operations is not only a key goal of NASA’s initiatives in Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (IADS) operations, but also has been recognized as a critical aspect of the FAA NextGEN implementation plan. While a number of tactical initiatives have been shown to be effective in improving airport surface operations from a service provider’s perspective, their impacts on airlines’ scheduled block time (SBT) setting, which has been found to have direct impact on airlines’ on-time performance and operating cost, have received little attention. In this paper, we assess this impact using an econometric model of airline SBT combined with a before/after analysis of the implementation of surface congestion management (SCM) at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in 2010. Since airlines do not consider gate delay in setting SBT, we find that reduction in taxi-out time variability resulting from SCM leads to more predictable taxi-out times and thus decreases in SBT. The JFK SCM implementation is used as a case study to validate model prediction performance. The observed SBT decrease between 2009 and 2011 at JFK is 4.8 min and our model predicts a 4.2 min decrease. In addition, Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) is used as an example to demonstrate how different surface operations improvements scenarios can be evaluated in terms of SBT reduction.     

Energy factors for flexible fuel engines and vehicles operating with gasoline-ethanol blends

This work investigates the energy factors for fuel conversion from the analysis of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) maps of a sample of 15 engines, representative of 75% of current models available in the Brazilian market. The method also employs the engine driving patterns of power output versus crankshaft speed obtained from bench dynamometer tests. The energy factors obtained from the engine analysis was validated against experiments carried out with two production vehicles in laboratory tests following the 1975 US Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) procedure and road tests following 16 different urban and highway routes. The fuels used in the tests were hydrous ethanol (E100, 6 v/v % water) and a blend of 22 v/v % anhydrous ethanol and 78 v/v % gasoline (E22). The energy factors found from the 3D engine BSFC map analysis were higher than those obtained from the Willans line, currently adopted as a standard, by 52% for E22 and 57% for E100. The results from the 3D engine BFSC maps and the first vehicle following the FTP-75 cycle and 15 road routes were similar, also close to the results from the second vehicle, qualifying them to be representative of modern flexible fuel spark ignition engines and vehicles.     

ZPW-2000无绝缘轨道电路邻线干扰分析与处置

ZPW-2000轨道电路是运用在自动闭塞系统中的主要轨道电路制式,具有技术成熟、安全可靠性高的特点,随着国内高速铁路建设发展,对轨道电路在复杂环境中的运用维护要求也越来越高。目前,干扰是影响轨道电路运用稳定性的主要制约因素之一,结合典型案例,分析邻线干扰的成因与处置措施。     

交通电子显示屏结构设计研究

结合工程实例,对电子显示屏结构的计算模型和分析方法进行研究,了解结构体系的强度、刚度和稳定性,并针对户外状况,提出日常维护建议,可为同类工程的设计和施工提供参考。     

G6300ZC-B型柴油机机体裂缝的原因分析和预防

文章从柴油机机体产生裂缝的机理入手,通过对某柴油机故障调查和原因分析,提出了针对性的整改和预防措施,对做好柴油机管理与故障处理有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于能量法的船体分段翻身吊装方案优化设计方法

分段翻身吊装难度较大,风险较高,目前主要依靠人工经验设计吊装方案,较少有针对分段翻身的优化设计研究。论文首先对翻身过程中吊绳与相关船体构件的典型干涉问题做出干涉评估并提取干涉约束,结合吊点适应度约束确立若干吊点布置方案。然后以在翻身过程中结构的最大应变能最小为优化目标,得到最优吊点布置方案。最后使用结构分析软件验证最优方案的可靠性。     

新型空心方块斜坡堤结构在长江口深水航道治理工程中的应用

针对长江口N IIC-1区段特殊的工况和地质条件,采用了创新的空心方块斜坡堤结构。在满足抗浪稳定性要求的同时,利用空心块体自身及块体间的大空隙率减轻堤身自重应力,满足了地基承载力和堤身整体稳定性要求。开发了空心方块斜坡堤结构全套施工工艺。该堤段工程已顺利建成,并经受了台风浪的考验,使用效果良好。文章对这一新型结构诞生的背景、创新思路、开发及实践过程和工程效果作了简要介绍。     

自动闭塞设计的新理念

CTCS 技术规范的制定,对自动闭塞设计的传统理念和方法产生了冲击,探讨采用目标距离模式曲线方式控车后的自动闭塞的设计原则和方法,建议采用闭塞分区等长设计。     

汽油发动机水温传感器检测与故障分析

水温传感器的功能是检测发动机冷却液温度,并将温度信号转换为电信号传送给发动机电控单元,电控单元根据该信号修正喷油时间和点火时间,使发动机工况处于最佳运行状态。当水温传感器发生故障时,发动机会易出现冷、热车启动困难、油耗增加、怠速稳定性降低、废气排放量升高等等故障现象。