快速路匝道邻接交叉口交通设计方法

对匝道车流与地面车流交织、相位绿灯损失以及邻接路口通行能力不足等问题进行分析;运用时空优化设计方法避免交通流交织与冲突,空间上对交叉口进口车道功能的置换设计,时间上根据车流饱和度均衡原则,提出信号组合相位的设计思想,减少路口有效绿灯时间的损失;最后,通过具体实例对优化设计方法进行验证.结果表明,优化后立交的通行能力提高,车辆的平均延误大大降低,匝道车流与地面车流之间的交织情况基本被消除,改善效益明显.     

非能动氢气复合装置的开发设计

非能动氢气复合装置是核电站发生严重事故时用于消除安全壳内氢气的安全设备之一。我们提出采用催化消氢的原理,利用新研制的全金属型催化剂消除氢气,并利用反应热,以温度梯度为推动力,非能动地进行反应。该方法不仅适用于核电站超设计基准事故下消氢,还适用于设计基准事故下的消氢。其他场合下的消氢也可选用。     

城市快速路与常规道路衔接段空间优化设计

针对由于快速路和城市常规道路不合理衔接造成的城市道路拥堵问题,通过研究交织区拥堵机理,提出了"以时间换空间"和"以空间换时间"2种理念,并以此提出了4种优化交通流的思路和9种改善方法和措施,尤其是在衔接段设置动态或静态交通信号的方法,对快速路和常规道路衔接段的优化组织方案集是一个有力的补充。最后通过案例对各方案和方案组合进行应用,利用VISSIM仿真得出评价结果,说明其可行性和效果。     

Real-time crash prediction for expressway weaving segments

Weaving segments are potential recurrent bottlenecks which affect the efficiency and safety of expressways during peak hours. Meanwhile, they are one of the most complicated segments, since on- and off-ramp traffic merges, diverges and weaves in the limited space. One effective way to improve the safety of weaving segments is to study crash likelihood using real-time crash data with the objective of, identifying hazardous conditions and reducing the risk of crashes by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) traffic control. This study presents a multilevel Bayesian logistic regression model for crashes at expressway weaving segments using crash, geometric, Microwave Vehicle Detection System (MVDS) and weather data. The results show that the mainline speed at the beginning of the weaving segments, the speed difference between the beginning and the end of weaving segment, logarithm of volume have significant impacts on the crash risk of the following 5–10 min for weaving segments. The configuration is also an important factor. Weaving segment, in which there is no need for on- or off-ramp traffic to change lane, is with high crash risk because it has more traffic interactions and higher speed differences between weaving and non-weaving traffic. Meanwhile, maximum length, which measures the distance at which weaving turbulence no longer has impact, is found to be positively related to the crash risk at the 95% confidence interval. In addition to traffic and geometric factors, wet pavement surface condition significantly increases the crash ratio by 77%. The proposed model along with ITS, e.g., ramp metering, Dynamic Message Sign (DMS), and high friction surface treatment can be used to enhance the safety of weaving segments in real-time.     

Dual right-turn lanes in mitigating weaving conflicts at frontage road intersections in proximity to off-ramps

At frontage road intersections located downstream of freeway off-ramps, the use of dual right-turn lanes may provide improved weaving environments for right-turning vehicles from the off-ramp and reduce forced merges toward the desired right-turn bay. This paper investigates the safety impacts of the installation of dual right-turn lanes at frontage road intersections. A two-stage approach is used to estimate weaving conflicts as safety surrogates. In the first stage, micro-simulation models are calibrated based on field data to simulate vehicle trajectories. In the second stage, the trajectories are processed to estimate surrogate safety measures and frequency of weaving conflicts under different conditions. The two-stage approach is validated by correlation analysis between predicted weaving conflicts and actual crash rates. The results show that dual right-turn lanes can reduce weaving conflicts significantly compared to single exclusive right-turn lanes, and the safety benefits increase exponentially as weaving distance is reduced.     

2010HCM交织区通行能力分析方法适用性研究

首先以相同数据分别定量分析了2000版和2010版美国《道路通行能力手册》中交织区通行能力分析方法中的交织速度和非交织速度计算模型,设计了不同交织区交通运行的组合条件,对2010版交织区速度计算模型进行了定性分析.认为2010版美国《道路通行能力手册》对非交织车流运行速度计算存在重复折减,致使非交织车流运行速度预测过低,交织车流运行速度大于非交织车流运行速度,与实测运行特性不相符.在此基础上,对2010版交织区通行能力分析速度计算模型进行了探讨和改进,选取天津市卫昆立交桥交织区作为调查对象,开展了交织区交通流运行状态调查,并从定量和定性两方面对改进模型进行了效果分析.结果表明:改进模型在预测精度和特性描述上均有所提升.     

基于交通密度的城市快速路交织区长度设计研究

交织区是快速路主线通行的交通瓶颈和事故多发地。合理的交织区长度对提高交织区服务水平和通行能力具有重要意义。鉴于此,分析了交织区运行的各个影响因素,提出了基于密度指标的交织区长度设计方法,采用试算法给出了不同条件组合下的交织区长度设计值。结果表明,应用密度指标进行交织区长度设计具有一定的可行性。     

罗兰C接收机NBI抑制技术研究

针对目前的罗兰C接收机在抑制窄带干扰方面的缺陷,在NBI频率点检测技术的基础上,对零限幅陷波技术抑制NBI、修正的零限幅陷波技术抑制NBI、自适应干扰对消技术抑制NBI进行了分析和仿真,并对仿真结果进行了对比讨论。     

苜蓿叶形枢纽互通设置集散车道的必要性论证

由于全苜蓿叶或相邻象限设置环形匝道的部分苜蓿叶互通存在距离很近的相邻进出口,互通内主线存在交织区且交织长度短,交织车辆易对主线直行车辆造成影响。为提高主线的通行能力与行车安全,经验上一般在存在交织区的主线设置集散车道。考虑设置集散车道后,互通的占地与工程造价会较大幅度增加,设计阶段需对设置集散车道的必要性进行论证。利用美国《道路通行能力手册》（HCM2000）中对高速公路交织区通行能力的计算方法,介绍了全苜蓿叶枢纽互通是否需要设置集散车道的论证过程与方法。     

变道约束下近邻交织区交通均衡组织方法

针对相邻较近的交织区车辆持续交织运行特点,以提高交织区通行效率及交通安全为目标,提出一种基于变道约束下近邻交织区交通均衡组织方法,旨在计算不同时段交通量所对应近邻各交织区的最佳提前变道诱导距离,以减少近邻交织区车辆相互干扰,降低平均交通延误,提高道路通行效率.对重庆市海峡路两段近邻交织区的日均交通量(4 092 pcu/h),早高峰时段交通量(5 340 pcu/h),晚高峰时段交通量(4 596 pcu/h),以及年均交通量(3 276 pcu/h)进行仿真建模分析.实验选取近邻交织区内累计平均延误作为近邻交织区的评价指标,利用仿真软件(Vissim 4.3)持续仿真 40次.结果表明,最佳提前变道约束距离为交织区长度的 60%,其相应的平均交通延误分别降低了57%、73%、63%和72%.