出行时耗的规律及启示

出行时耗是指人们用于出行的时间.城市居民一天出行的平均时耗是否具有一定的稳定性,或者是否存在固定的出行时耗预算,多年来一直是城市交通领域工作者的研究热点之一.首先,在回顾国外相关研究的基础上,分析说明我国城市居民人均日出行时耗的规律性.通过近2年国内几个城市的调查数据,说明出行时耗稳定性在集计水平上是存在的.最后,综合分析了出行时耗稳定性的形成机理及出行时耗稳定性对于交通系统建模与分析的启示.     

长江下游特拉锚垫防护结构下土质岸坡稳定性研究

玉带洲位于长江下游段,岸坡后方存在大型湖泊,坡后渗流问题较为严重。为确保岸坡安全,提高岸坡整体稳定性,减少水土流失量,需要对岸坡进行合理的防护处理。通过物理模型分别模拟岸坡在特拉锚垫防护结构、裸土段的渗流情况进行对比试验,设置若干观测点,运用MATLAB软件绘制岸坡渗流前后三维地形图,观测岸坡设置点的位移情况。结果表明,渗流后有特拉锚垫防护结构的观测点最大位移量为2 cm,裸土段最大位移量为5.1 cm;特拉锚垫段渗流前后的地形图趋于吻合,说明特拉锚垫对于坡后渗流有较好的防护效果。     

混凝土联锁块护底软体排抗掀稳定分析

针对规范中软体排抗掀稳定计算公式未考虑水深影响的问题,对水流作用下混凝土联锁块软体排受力进行研究。采用理论推导方法,得出了新的混凝土联锁块软体排抗掀稳定计算公式,结合数模分析确定新公式的相关参数取值。新公式中考虑了水深的影响,采用临界断面平均流速替代规范公式的软体排边缘临界流速,较规范公式更为准确。分别采用新公式和规范公式对黑沙洲水道航道整治二期工程护底软体排抗掀稳定进行计算。分析结果表明:新公式较规范公式更能反映软体排实际受力情况。工程实践证明新公式具有较好的可靠性,可供类似工程参考和借鉴。     

基于扁拱突变理论的路基下伏溶洞顶板稳定性分析

根据路基下伏溶洞受荷体系的力学特性,将结构体系简化为两端固定铰支的扁拱模型;基于突变理论推导得到扁拱的能量势函数和分叉集方程,从而建立了路基下伏溶洞顶板突变模型平衡曲面;根据溶洞顶板突变失稳的条件,提出了确定路基下伏溶洞顶板的极限承载力及最小安全厚度的方法;并对溶洞顶板厚度h、溶洞顶板跨径l、溶洞顶板失高f、岩层的弹性模量E、溶洞顶板上覆荷载q五个影响因素进行参数分析,可得如下结论:溶洞顶板的极限承载力随着溶洞顶板厚度的增加,溶洞顶板失高的增加、岩层弹性模量的增加而增加,随着溶洞顶板跨径、溶洞顶板上覆荷载的增加而减小.     

重力式锚碇抗滑移稳定性设计参数敏感性分析

以重力式锚碇设计方案为背景,对影响锚碇抗滑动稳定性的设计参数开展了敏感性分析,识别出其中对锚碇稳定性具有显著控制性的设计参数.此外,对作用于锚碇主缆缆力的主要影响参数进行了敏感性分析.分析结果可以为重力式锚碇的设计优化提供一些基础数据,并为挖掘锚碇设计空间提供技术支撑.     

Loss of stability of a railway wheel-set,subcritical or supercritical

Most researches on railway vehicle stability analysis are focused on the codimension 1 (for short, codim 1) bifurcations like subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The analysis of codim 1 bifurcation can be completed based on one bifurcation parameter. However, two bifurcation parameters should be considered to give a general view of the motion of the system when it undergoes a degenerate Hopf bifurcation. This kind of bifurcation named the generalised Hopf bifurcation belongs to the codimension 2 (for short, codim 2) bifurcations where two bifurcation parameters need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we give a numerical analysis of the codim 2 bifurcations of a nonlinear railway wheel-set with the QR algorithm to calculate the eigenvalues of the linearised system incorporating the Golden Cut method and the shooting method to calculate the limit cycles around the Hopf bifurcation points. Here, we found the existence of a generalised Hopf bifurcation where a subcritical Hopf bifurcation turns into a supercritical one with the increase of the bifurcation parameters, which belong to the codim 2 bifurcations, in a nonlinear railway wheel-set model. Only the nonlinear wheel/rail interactive relationship has been taken into consideration in the lateral model that is formulated in this paper. The motion of the wheel-set has been investigated when the bifurcation parameters are perturbed in the neighbourhood of their critical parameters, and the influences of different parameters on critical values of the bifurcation parameters are also given. From the results, it can be seen that the bifurcation types of the wheel-set will change with a variation of the bifurcation parameters in the neighbourhood of their critical values.     

The effect of wheel set gyroscopic action on the hunting stability of high-speed trains

This study explores the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability by calculating linear and nonlinear critical speeds. First, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle with 23 degrees of freedom is developed by considering wheel set gyroscopic action. The linear and nonlinear critical speeds are calculated by eigenvalue analysis and drawing a bifurcation map, respectively. Two computer programs for linear and nonlinear stability analysis are developed. Second, based on an actual high-speed vehicle in China, the effects of wheel set gyroscopic action on hunting stability are quantitatively investigated using computer simulation. Furthermore, the difference between the effects of gyroscopic moments about the x-axis and z-axis is discussed. The results show that the moment about the x-axis is harmful to hunting stability, but the moment about the z-axis is beneficial to hunting stability. However, the integrated effect of these two moments can enhance the critical speeds and suppress the hunting motion.     

仰拱步距和台阶长度对软岩大断面隧道稳定性影响分析

在软岩大断面隧道施工过程中,围岩稳定性控制难度很大。依托宝兰客专古城岭隧道的勘察设计资料、施工工艺和监测数据,建立符合工程实际的基本数值模型,分析软岩大断面隧道的变形特点,揭示仰拱步距和台阶长度对初期支护变形的影响规律。根据模拟试验结果指导古城岭隧道大变形区段施工,将初期支护累计变形减小了70%。     

台风区钢管格构支架稳定性和优化设计分析

以台风区的平潭海峡大练岛特大桥新建工程中现浇公路桥的钢管格构支架体系为研究背景,对钢管格构支架稳定性进行分析,通过Midas Civil软件建立钢管格构支架体系空间有限元模型,从不同的肢数、节段长度、高度等参数进行分析,并对四肢格构支架进行均匀流风场作用下的风洞试验。计算结果表明:当钢管结构的壁厚与直径比δ/d一定时,支架结构的临界屈曲荷载系数随着钢管直径的增大而增大,整体呈指数上升趋势;六肢与四肢钢管格构支架临界荷载系数相差不大,四肢钢管格构支架是最经济支架结构;当支架总高度小于70 m时,钢管格构支架结构基本能满足结构稳定性要求;支架钢管立柱横向间距在5~7 m时,其稳定性呈现较快的上升趋势,横向间距为7 m左右时,支架稳定性最好。风洞试验结果能反映四肢格构支架的实际受力特性,并指导四肢格构支架现场实际施工。该分析可为类似钢管格构施工支架的设计提供参考。     

西宁至成都铁路同仁至甘加越岭段工程地质问题及地质选线

为了科学地指导西宁至成都铁路同仁至甘加越岭段的地质选线工作,采用综合勘察方法,借鉴兰渝铁路的勘察及施工经验,并结合灰色关联法与变权理论,查明三叠系软岩大变形及上新近系砂岩水稳性为研究区的主要工程地质问题;根据岩性、岩体完整程度、层厚、强度应力比、地下水等因素,对三叠系软岩大变形进行风险分级;构建地质选线数学模型对多种线路方案进行定量评价,得出最优方案,为地质选线提供依据。