轮对系统随机动态分叉研究

运用随机平均法对轮对系统的随机分叉行为进行研究,对比亚临界和超临界分叉2种典型轮对系统随机动态分叉的差异,分析动态分叉与Hopf分叉的区别,定义全局随机临界速度,提出新的失稳判定方法。结果表明,随机激扰对轮对系统的稳定性影响很大,在随机激扰的作用下,轮对系统的临界速度会随着随机激扰的强度增大而显著降低,当轮对仅受轨道随机激励时随机激扰对稳定性的影响不大,但遇到大风等强激扰环境时,随机激扰的影响将不可忽视。随机动态分叉点对应的速度可作为全局随机临界速度,且最大Lyapunov指数法可作为新的失稳判定方法。     

地下水路堑段槽型挡土墙设计若干问题的探讨

对于地下水路堑段槽型挡土墙,铁路设计人员一般采用边墙简化为悬臂梁、底板简化为弹性地基梁的结构计算模型。一个整体结构简化为两个分离的构件,计算模型本身存在一定的缺陷,一些设计者对此不甚了解;在边墙土压力计算理论的选择、边墙外侧活荷载侧压力的计算、抗浮措施的确定、抗浮稳定安全系数的选取、地基压缩模量的选用等方面也存在疑惑。通过多个荷载组合工况的内力及位移计算,结合国内外标准的有关规定,探讨了结构计算模型的合理性以及弥补其缺陷的措施,提出了设计参数选取的优先方向,得出如下结论:在地下水位较高时,弹性地基梁链杆出现负反力是其最大的缺陷;边墙位移小于产生主动土压力所需位移,土压力计算采用静止土压力更为合理,同时可以减小链杆负反力,弥补弹性地基梁模型缺陷;边墙外侧活荷载宜按非主可变荷载单独计算其侧压力,不宜合并入土压力;抗浮优先考虑底板外延方式;抗浮系数在限制结构重要性系数不小于1.0的条件下取1.05;弹性地基梁模型对地基压缩模量取值不敏感。     

侧向撞击作用下U形梁抗倾覆稳定性与失效模式

在对国内外相关规范关于桥梁抗倾覆稳定性计算方法与脱轨荷载调查分析的基础上,计算了U形梁在保持抗倾覆稳定性下的最大侧向碰撞荷载,对比了欧洲规范EN 1991-1-7:2006和TB 10002-2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》中U形梁的抗倾覆稳定性计算式。基于有限元分析方法对腹板侧向承载力进行仿真分析,明确了U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式。研究结果表明:2种规范计算得到的最大侧向碰撞荷载有所差异,但均大于3.5 MN;列车脱轨情况下的脱轨荷载模式和作用位置对U形梁抗倾覆稳定性的影响显著;U形梁跨中区域加载侧的底板和腹板在侧向位移加载模式下发生了大面积塑性损伤,腹板还发生了明显的侧向变形;U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式表现为腹板侧向承载力达到极限而发生破坏,通过拟静力分析确定U形梁腹板侧向极限承载力为1.5 MN,结构整体不会倾覆失稳。在设计和使用阶段应对U形梁腹板的损伤和承载力评估予以重点关注。     

PEM燃料电池组动态单电压的稳定性分析

在动态工况下,PEM燃料电池单电压的稳定性是燃料电池动力系统持续稳定运行的保障,而质子交换膜的水合状态、阴极和阳极的排水状态、氢氧燃料传质效应都会显著影响单电压的稳定性。本文基于PEM燃料电池组动态工况试验,引入相对平均电压、相对差异度等指标以分析各燃料电池组单电压的稳定性,探究燃料电池组各电堆单元单电压随工况的变化规律及影响因素,以评价燃料电池电堆性能,指导系统控制策略的制定。     

顺倾结构面红层岩质边坡稳定性分析及治理

含顺倾结构面的红层岩质边坡开挖过程中极易发生边坡失稳问题。本文以东南地区一公路红层岩质边坡为研究对象,分析该类边坡的致灾因子,并针对该边坡沿顺倾结构面的滑动破坏模式,提出坡脚堆载反压、刷方减载、夯填裂缝、设置排水工程和锚固工程的综合治理措施。通过建立滑坡模型,采用室内试验法、反算法和极限平衡法确定滑面计算参数和滑坡推力,并对治理措施实施过程中边坡稳定性进行分析验算,论证治理措施的可行性。监测数据表明,治理效果较为理想。     

弄福屯危岩体发育特征及稳定性分析

百色市凌云县弄福屯危岩体发现已久，近年来多次发生零星崩塌掉块现象，严重威胁山下村民的生命财产安全。通过工程地质调查，查明了弄福屯危岩体发育区的工程地质特征，分析了危岩体形成的原因、破坏方式及主要影响因素。根据其破坏方式分别进行稳定性计算，评价危岩体的稳定性并提出治理措施。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant controller synthesis for a steer-by-wire vehicle using independently driven wheels

In this paper, a synthesis method for a reconfigurable fault-tolerant control system for use in a steer-by-wire vehicle is proposed. The vehicle considered in this paper is also assumed to have independently driven wheels. The control objective in this work is to enable the vehicle yaw rate to track the reference signal even when the steering actuator breaks down. Since the vehicle yaw rate can be controlled with either the front wheel turn angle or the yaw moment generated by the independently driven wheels, this system has actuator redundancy. We attempt to design a control system that manages this actuator redundancy so that the performance degradation due to the actuator failure is minimised. We utilise a control allocator based on on-line optimisation for managing the actuator redundancy. The fault-tolerant control system with a control allocator has several excellent properties. For example, the method can handle various failure situations. Also, since the control allocation problem is reduced to a convex quadratic programming problem, the on-line computational effort is relatively little. However, so far, it has been unclear whether the stability of the control system with the control allocator is guaranteed when the actuator failure occurs. Therefore, we propose a design method of a fault-tolerant controller based on on-line optimisation that guarantees the stability of the overall system. The effectiveness of the method is established through numerical examples.     

High-speed optimal steering of a tractor–semitrailer

A high-speed optimal trailer steering controller for a tractor–semitrailer is discussed. A linear model of a tractor–semitrailer with steered trailer axles is described, and an optimal trailer steering controller is introduced. A path-following controller is derived to minimise the path-tracking error in steady-state manoeuvres using active trailer steering. A roll stability controller is introduced by adding the lateral acceleration of trailer centre of gravity as another objective in the steering controller, so as to improve roll stability in transient manoeuvres. A strategy to switch between these two control modes is demonstrated. Simulation results show that the steering controller can ensure good path tracking of articulated vehicles in steady-state manoeuvres and improve roll stability significantly in transient manoeuvres, while maintaining the path-tracking deviation within an acceptable range. Tests with an experimental tractor–semitrailer equipped with a high-bandwidth active steering system validate the controller design and simulation results. The roll stability controller reduces the measured rearward amplification by 27%.     

Chatter vibrations of high-performance motorcycles

Motorcycle racing teams occasionally experience speed-limiting vibrations of around 25 Hz frequency in mid-corner. The nature of the vibrations has not been closely defined yet and the mechanics are currently not properly understood. Conventional motorcycle-dynamics models are shown here to reveal the existence of a vibration mode that aligns with the experience being referred to, suggesting some explanations. Root loci for variations in speed or cornering vigour, demonstrating modal characteristics for small perturbations from trim states, are employed to indicate how the mode responds to changes in operation and design. Modal participation is examined for a lightly damped case. Influences on the natural frequency and damping of the mode are found and a way of stabilising the mode is suggested.     

适于水下爆炸的动态稳定性判别准则研究

通过对水下爆炸载荷的分析和已有动态稳定性判别准则的对比,提出适合于水下爆炸的动态稳定性判别准则:基丁药量的B-R准则、基于爆距的B-R准则和基于新型冲击因子的B-R准则.利用该准则计算了某型舰在水下爆炸中舱壁结构的动态稳定性.计算发现气泡脉动载荷在舱壁动稳性中是不可忽视的,且水下爆炸中结构的稳定性分为3个阶段.