轨道不平顺历史数据里程偏差修正研究

轨道不平顺历史数据之间存在里程偏差,若直接用于轨道不平顺劣化趋势模型必将导致其预测精度低的效果,从而增加轨道预防性维修的难度。因此,解决轨道平顺状态检测数据之间的里程偏差问题是实现预防性维修的前提。既有研究假设里程偏差为常数,实际上里程偏差随机产生且随着里程增加而累加。研究建立基于钢轨接头匹配的不平顺数据里程偏差修正模型,从轨检仪右高低原始弦数据中使用均一阈值提取出钢轨接头,对齐两段数据上提取到的所有钢轨接头后利用Dynamic Time Warping(DTW)算法,修正检测数据之间的同一相邻两钢轨接头之间的不平顺指标,修正后的检测数据相关系数约为0.98,保证了历史数据运用的可靠性。     

小间距隧道施工监控量测分析及应用

对于临近既有隧道新建小间距隧道而言,由于两洞之间的相互影响,围岩及衬砌结构受力比较复杂,施工过程中的现场监控量测显得尤为重要,这既是对既有隧道结构安全性的检测,也是对新建隧道施工的妥当性以及加固措施有效性的评价。针对包西铁路通道新宝塔山施工中洞周收敛、拱顶下沉、围岩压力、喷射混凝土应力及钢架应力等进行了监控量测,确保施工的顺利进行。     

施工坐标系在工程测量中的应用

介绍了施工测量工作中常用的施工坐标系转换以及放样程序在铁路站场工程建设中的具体应用,应用效果良好,通过工程实例证明运用施工坐标系定位放样在工程测量上的重要性。     

进气预混甲醇降低柴油机碳烟与NOx排放的影响参数研究

在485QDI自然吸气直喷式柴油机上研究了不同喷嘴、不同供油定时、不同喷醇的起点对进气预混甲醇发动机的碳烟、NOx排放和经济性的影响。研究结果表明，为了降低碳烟和NOx排放以及提高燃油经济性，与燃用纯柴油的发动机相比，进气预混甲醇发动机的柴油喷射定时可以保持不变或稍小，但燃油喷嘴的孔径应适当减小，预混甲醇的发动机负荷起点应适中。     

GZ机油添加剂对发动机环保性能影响的试验研究

通过对各种汽油机、柴油机进行的有无GZ添加剂时的对比试验,证明了GZ机油添加剂能降低发动机的机械噪声,减少柴油机排气烟度和汽油机的怠速有害排放,改善发动机的环保性能。     

高速公路红砂岩路基施工技术与质量控制

阐述了针对红砂岩路用试验研究的结果,在施工中采取相应的工程技术措施对红砂岩的处治,使红砂岩路用性能得到改善.并介绍了高速公路红砂岩路基的施工技术、质量检测与控制.     

摩托车道路行驶阻力分析与测量

分析了摩托车道路行驶阻力的数学模型,并在天津摩托车技术中心试验场对某125型摩托车采用滑行能量法进行了滑行参数测量。用最小二乘法拟合出摩托车的行驶阻力曲线,并将该曲线在不同速度下的阻力数值与当量惯量法的阻力数值进行了比较,二者达到了很好的统一。     

Correlation between automotive CO, HC, NO, and PM emission factors from on-road remote sensing: implications for inspection and maintenance programs

Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission factors (EFs) are measured with a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) during a large-scale vehicle exhaust emissions study in Las Vegas. Particulate matter (PM) EFs are simultaneously measured for individual vehicles with a newly developed PM-VERSS based on ultraviolet backscatter light detection and ranging (Lidar). The effectiveness of CO and HC EFs as proxy for NO and PM EFs for spark-ignition vehicles is evaluated. Poor correlations were found between EFs for pollutants on an individual vehicle basis indicating that high EFs for one or more pollutants cannot be used as a predictor of high EFs for other pollutants. Stronger functional relationships became evident after averaging the EF data in bins based on rank-order of a single pollutant EF. Low overlap between the highest 10% emitters for CO, HC, NO, and PM was found. These results imply that for an effective reduction of the four pollutants, inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including clean screening, should measure all four pollutants individually. Fleet average CO and HC concentrations determined by gaseous VERSS were compared with fleet average CO and HC concentrations measured at low-idle and at high-idle during local I/M tests for spark-ignition vehicles. The fleet average CO concentrations measured by I/M tests at either idle were about half of those measured by remote sensing. The fleet average high-idle HC concentration measured by I/M tests was about half of that measured by VERSS while low-idle I/M and VERSS HC average concentrations were in better agreement. For a typical vehicle trip, most of the fuel is burned during non-idle conditions. I/M measurements collected during idling conditions may not be a good indicator of a vehicle’s potential to be a high emitter. VERSS measurements, when the vehicle is under a load, should more effectively identify high emitting vehicles that have a large contribution to the mobile emissions inventory.     

高速公路施工中的测量工作

根据高速公路施工建设过程中的测量工作的特点全面介绍了施工前各测量工作的方法、步骤和施工期间公路中桩、边桩的计算和放样方法,并且针对不同情况提出了放样点的检核方法.     

常规观测值对GPS控制网精度的影响

用GPS对城市控制网进行改造的过程中,为了与已有的成果吻合的比较好,一般采用尽可能多的重合点来实现,在所布设的GPS网中引入常规的边长和方位观测值的并不多。本文针对2003年阜新控制网改造的实例,探讨了GPS网中引入常规观测值对其精度的影响,并用微小摄动法对其验证,得出了有益的结论。