混合不确定条件下绿色多式联运路径优化

主要研究了当运输时间、中转时间、客户需求和中转集拼货运量四重混合不确定因素服从随机分布时的绿色多式联运路径优化问题，运用随机优化理论，以运输成本、碳排放成本和时间惩罚成本为目标，建立混合不确定条件下绿色多式联运路径优化模型.通过对各子目标函数权重进行赋值，得出考虑不同成本因素的多式联运路径优化方案.探讨时间、需求和网络服务能力对多式联运路径优化结果的灵敏度分析，发现各成本随时间变动而变化的规律和边际运输成本最小时的服务时间；当货运量形成规模效应后可降低边际运输成本；不同网络服务规模的运输路径优化结果，以及满足客户不确定需求的最小网络配置.     

浅谈车用油耗器测量电路的优化设计

车用油耗器设计中测量电路的设计是关键技术,重点介绍了分频技术和M/T测速技术的优点、原理和在设计中的应用方法。     

Marginal costs of freeway traffic congestion with on-road pollution exposure externality

The health cost of on-road air pollution exposure is a component of traffic marginal costs that has not previously been assessed. The main objective of this paper is to introduce on-road pollution exposure as an externality of traffic, particularly important during traffic congestion when on-road pollution exposure is highest. Marginal private and external cost equations are developed that include on-road pollution exposure in addition to time, fuel, and pollution emissions components. The marginal external cost of on-road exposure includes terms for the marginal vehicle’s emissions, the increased emissions from all vehicles caused by additional congestion from the marginal vehicle, and the additional exposure duration for all travelers caused by additional congestion from the marginal vehicle. A sensitivity analysis shows that on-road pollution exposure can be a large portion (18%) of marginal social costs of traffic flow near freeway capacity, ranging from 4% to 38% with different exposure parameters. In an optimal pricing scenario, excluding the on-road exposure externality can lead to 6% residual welfare loss because of sub-optimal tolls. While regional pollution generates greater costs in uncongested conditions, on-road exposure comes to dominate health costs on congested freeways because of increased duration and intensity of exposure. The estimated marginal cost and benefit curves indicate a theoretical preference for price controls to address the externality problem. The inclusion of on-road exposure costs reduces the magnitudes of projects required to cover implementation costs for intelligent transportation system (ITS) improvements; the net benefits of road-pricing ITS systems are increased more than the net benefits of ITS traffic flow improvements. When considering distinct vehicle classes, inclusion of on-road exposure costs greatly increases heavy-duty vehicle marginal costs because of their higher emissions rates and greater roadway capacity utilization. Lastly, there are large uncertainties associated with the parameters utilized in the estimation of health outcomes that are a function of travel pollution intensity and duration. More research is needed to develop on-road exposure modeling tools that link repeated short-duration exposure and health outcomes.     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

利用光纤应变传感器测试沥青路面结构应变方案设计

利用光纤传感器对3种路面结构形式的应变进行测试,由于无相关的资料可以参考,本次测试从传感器组的设计,配重的选择,荷载的标定,传感器组的埋设方法,传感器组埋设后路面的压实,动、静载的测试方案设计以及轮胎直接加载和承载板加载方案设计等方面进行了尝试,从目前的测试和分析结果来看基本达到了测试要求。同时由初步的对比分析,目前路面结构的力学设计方法的计算结果与测试数据相差较大,无法反映路面的真实受力情况。     

石太客运专线既有工程控制网的现状分析

研究目的：分析既有工程控制网的现状，找出适宜的测量技术解决方案。 研究方法：从新颁无砟轨道和时速200～250km有砟轨道工程测量的技术标准出发，对石太客运专线既有工程控制网的现状进行分析研究，作出总体评价。 研究结果：采用无砟轨道地段的现有隧道工程控制网，需重新建立符合时速200～250km有砟轨道工程测量技术要求的控制测量网。 研究结论：结合工程具体情况，因地制宜，尽量利用既有工程控制网点，做好新建与既有工程控制网的衔接；做好测量技术方案设计，减少对已开工工程的影响，确保整体工程的质量。     

船舶燃油自动化测量的若干问题

本文叙述了目前船舶燃油舱柜内油料测量的现状以及存在的问题，指出自动化测量系统应按油舱柜形状和油料种类选用适合的传感器，此外对温度分布修正、油舱纵倾修正、及其计算方法等进行了讨论。     

简化模式的不同对频率法测定吊杆力的影响

针对频率法测定吊杆拉力，由于垂度和抗弯刚度的影响。从理论上进行了分析，并且与传感器测试结果进行了比较，提出了各个工况下索力测量的一种理论简化方法。     

铁路罐车容积测量不确定度的评定

根据国家计量技术规范“JJF1059—1999测量不确定度评定与表示”,针对铁路罐车容积测量不确定度进行研究,分别建立罐内测量法数学模型和罐外测量法数学模型。通过分析计算和评定,得出当包含因子取2时,采用罐内测量法和罐外测量法检定的铁路罐车容积扩展不确定度分别为2.6×10-3和2.9×10-3,符合“JJG140—1998铁路罐车容积”中当包含因子取2时“铁路罐车容积扩展不确定度小于4×10-3”的要求,表明我国铁路罐车容积的检定采用罐内测量法、罐外测量法是可行的。提出开展容量比较法、注水称重法的研究和研发铁路罐车容积自动测量装置,以完善铁路罐车容积的量传体系,与国际接轨,提高铁路罐车容积的计量准确性。     

Internet中Peer-to-Peer应用流量测量与分析

Peer to Peer网络(简称p2p)作为一种新型的覆盖网络引起了越来越多研究者的兴趣。本文介绍了在我国进行的骨干互联网上p2p网络流量测量。与现有国外研究不同,本文的数据来源于核心路由器,因此克服了它们的缺陷。其研究集中在汇聚流中的3个周期性尖峰群、不同主机发送或接收流量的重尾分布、p2p流量的长相关特性以及提出了ADTE的估计方法来区分信令和数据流量。本文的研究也显示出Napster在p2p流中占大部分,这暗示着超级节点和阶层式拓扑较纯p2p结构潜在的优势。同时,观察到在我国p2p的流量仅占Internet总流量的1%弱,这个值跟国外的数据有很大区别。我们分析了其中的原因并希望该结论为我国p2p软件的发展提供参考。