A multi-objective optimization model for sustainable logistics facility location

This paper offers an exploratory study of sustainable facility location. The methodology, based on the classical uncapacitated facility location problem, provides decision makers with a multi-objective optimization model to determine the trade-off among economic, service and environmental considerations. Our results indicate that it may be desirable to open more facilities than optimal from a narrow economic perspective to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of transport and to improve service reliability.     

Airline energy efficiency measures using the Virtual Frontier Network RAM with weak disposability

In this paper, airline energy efficiency is divided into three stages: the operations stage, the services stage and the sales stage. Greenhouse gas emissions are treated as an undesirable output of the services stage. This new three-stage strategic operating framework is a modification of existing models. A new model, Virtual Frontier Network Range Adjusted Measure with weak disposability, is proposed to evaluate the efficiencies of 22 international airlines, from 2008 to 2012. The results show that the new model can establish more reasonable rankings and confirm new benchmarking airlines and that inclusion in the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme has had little influence on the improvement of airline energy efficiency.     

Measurement biases in panel data

The objective of this paper is to examine reporting errors in panel data obtained from multi-day travel diaries. A distinction is made between within and between wave biases. The former leads to an increase in under-reporting associated with the number of days the diary is kept. The latter is related to the number of waves respondents have been participating, so-called panel experience. These biases imply that observed mobility changes between waves are partly due to reporting errors: without controlling for them, changes in mobility can not be inferred from the data. An important cause of these measurement errors is the increase in the number of days on which no trips at all were reported. In addition, shorter trips and less complex chains are more susceptible to underreporting. The methodology used in this paper provides a means of dealing with these problems. Attrition is taken into account by a rather simple measure. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions for sample and survey design.     

大跨度系杆拱桥柔性吊杆张力监测和参数识别研究

研究了基于弦振动理论应用频率法进行大跨度系杆拱桥柔性吊杆张力测试的基本方法,尤其是对影响频率法测定吊杆张力精度的若干参数,如吊杆的边界条件、减振阻尼器及有效计算长度等进行了较理想的识别。文中推导了张力测试的实用公式,并通过现场张力标定,对上述若干参数进行有效识别,提高了张力测试精度并减少了识别工作量。实测结果表明,根据文中提供的参数识别方法进行参数识别后所得到的吊杆张力计算值大部分具有较高的监测精度,可以满足施工和运营期间监测吊杆张力的需要。     

提高斜拉索索力估算精度的一种新方法

根据斜拉桥拉索振动的特点,建立了考虑垂度及斜度影响的振动微分方程,并利用奇异摄动解法进行求解。不仅考虑了索的刚度,而且将索的边界条件假定为简支和固支耦合的情况,在此基础上提出了频率法的索力计算实用公式。分析比较了目前国内外的其他主要计算公式,结果表明该公式具有高精度和计算方便的特点。将该实用计算公式用于南京长江三桥施工控制中,通过对实际斜拉索测试得到的各阶频率进行计算,并与设计索力和压力传感器得到的索力进行对比分析。计算表明该公式能够满足实际工程的需要,可广泛适用于频率法测估各种索类结构的内力。     

公路照明测量技术

分析了公路照明质量对公路交通安全的影响,根据公路照明条件下的路面平均亮度、路面亮度总均匀度和路面亮度纵向均匀度与路面显示能力的关系,得出影响交通安全的公路照明技术指标及质量评价要求。根据公路照明的特点和驾驶行为学的统计结果,分析了公路照明测量对亮度测量仪器的特殊要求、公路照明测量范围限制和亮度测量点位及亮度观察点的选择方法与设置要求。将亮度测量数据按照相应的方法和公式进行计算,分别得出路面平均亮度、路面亮度总均匀度和路面亮度纵向均匀度评价指标的最终结果。总结了公路照明测量技术对公路照明设计、公路照明工程以及公路照明设施养护的重要意义。     

冷却液温度为边界条件的柴油机起动试验研究

为了研究冷却液温度对柴油机起动过程初期燃烧不稳定性及排放的影响规律,在一台单缸直喷式柴油机上,利用缸压和单循环采样测试系统对柴油机起动初期单个工作循环的燃烧和排放进行了试验研究。结果表明:冷却液温度是影响柴油机起动过程不稳定的重要因素之一。较低的冷却液温度导致柴油机起动初期燃烧不稳定性增加,失火和不完全燃烧循环较多,从而导致HC排放升高,而且冷却液温度低造成的滞后燃烧会产生较高的CO排放。冷却液温度升高后,失火循环消除,同时着火延迟期明显缩短,最高燃烧压力升高,HC和CO排放显著降低,NOx排放升高,表明燃烧状况改善。     

旧沥青混合料厂拌热再生在国内的使用现状

介绍了旧沥青混合料厂拌热再生设备的特点及使用情况,指出该设备在使用中的主要问题是旧沥青回收料的加热控制及废气处理、旧沥青回收料的计量、再生沥青混合料的拌和及回收料加热与输送中的粘附现象.     

超声波测距传感器及其在自动调平系统中的应用

详细介绍了超声波测距传感器的测距原理及其测试精度的影响因素 ,分析了它在自动调平系统应用中的结构形式和提高控制精度的注意事项     

内燃机瞬时转速测量及其误差研究

论述了测量内燃机瞬时转速的PC仪器的工作原理 ,构成及其应用实例 ,并对磁电式转速测量系统固有的测量误差进行了详细分析研究。