俄罗斯船用及工业燃气轮机的发展和应用现状

综述并分析俄罗斯船用及工业燃气轮机设计、研制、生产和应用的现状及发展状况。指出,俄罗斯小功率发电用燃气轮机的发展现状良好,拥有一些性能优良的机组,但是中等功率和大功率发电用机组却是弱项,距离世界先进水平还有很大差距。机械驱动用燃气轮机始终是俄罗斯工业燃气轮机中的强项,设计、研制和应用均处于世界领先水平。曾经是其强项的船用燃气轮机,由于苏联的解体,却成了俄罗斯燃气轮机工业中的缺项。     

Commuters’ behavior towards upgraded bus services in Greater Beirut: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions,social welfare and transport policy

Climate change is one of the most critical environmental challenges faced in the world today. The transportation sector alone contributes to 22% of carbon emissions, of which 80% are contributed by road transportation. In this paper we investigate the potential private car greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and social welfare gains resulting from upgrading the bus service in the Greater Beirut Area. To this end, a stated preference (SP) survey on mode switching from private car to bus was conducted in this area and analyzed by means of a mixed logit model. We then used the model outputs to simulate aggregate switching behavior in the study area and the attendant welfare and environmental gains and private car GHG emissions reductions under various alternative scenarios of bus service upgrade. We recommend a bundle of realistic bus service improvements in the short term that will result in a reasonable shift to buses and measurable reduction in private car emissions. We argue that such improvements will need to be comprehensive in scope and include both improvements in bus level of service attributes (access/egress time, headway, in-vehicle travel time, and number of transfers) and the provision of amenities, including air-conditioning and Wi-Fi. Moreover, such a service needs to be cheaply priced to achieve reasonably high levels of switching behavior. With a comprehensively overhauled bus service, one would expect that bus ridership would increase for commuting purposes at first, and once the habit for it is formed, for travel purposes other than commuting, hence dramatically broadening the scope of private car GHG emissions reduction. This said, this study demonstrates the limits of focused sectorial policies in targeting and reducing private car GHG emissions, and highlights the need for combining behavioral interventions with other measures, most notably technological innovations, in order for the contribution of this sector to GHG emissions mitigation to be sizable.     

绿色船舶固定式灭火系统的分析及选用研究

通过对目前船舶几种灭火系统的原理比较,分析绿色船舶上消防系统的选用,主要对高倍泡沫灭火系统及压力水雾灭火系统的设计进行阐述。提供设计人员在新型绿色船舶设计中选用更安全、更环保、更高效、更经济的灭火系统。     

透平发电机组的自动控制

透平发电机组在实际运行过程中，一方面为乙烯装置提供不同压力等级的蒸汽动力，一方面又将热能转化为电能。因此，透平发电机组的自动控制对整个乙烯装置的平衡运行都非常重要。而透平发电机组要完成减温减压和发电两个任务，常规控制仪表是很难实现的，完成这两个任务主要是由DG505E电子自动高速速器来完成的。文中在简单介绍透平发电机组工艺原理基础上，着重讨论了透平发电机的自控制系统、联锁保护系统的设计方案。     

钻井液添加剂抑制天然气水合物形成的实验研究

抑制或防止气体水合物的生成一直是油气生产和运输部门关注的问题。针对上述问题，利用自行设计的实验设备，开展了多种钻井液处理剂对天然气水合物形成影响的实验研究；通过对实验数据分析得到了各实验组分的过冷度，并得出结论：在钻井过程中添加一定剂量的有机聚合物类处理剂可以抑制水合物生成，在实验条件下，抑制能力从强到弱分别为：PF-THTN、PAM、LV-CMC、XY-28、SD-102。     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

基于灰色马尔可夫理论的油气管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测

以灰色理论的标准GM（1,1）模型和马尔可夫TPM理论为基础,提出了基于灰色马尔可夫理论的油气管道腐蚀剩余寿命预测方法。利用灰色马尔可夫理论预测腐蚀油气管道剩余寿命的步骤主要包括：最大允许腐蚀深度的确定,腐蚀速率的预测以及剩余寿命预测。并基于该方法,采用VB系统开发了实用软件,简便可靠。该方法可以在腐蚀速率波动比较大的情况下预测油气管道的剩余寿命,为油气管道腐蚀检测周期的确定提供了科学依据。     

连续配筋混凝土加铺层研究

介绍了旧水泥混凝土路面上连续配筋混凝土加铺层的结构型式、端部锚固结构以及施工技术,以为连续配筋混凝土路面在旧水泥混凝土路面加铺中的应用提供参考。     

复合盾构土舱可视化实时监测系统研究

为了在复合盾构掘进过程中实时监测土舱的情况,获得刀盘的旋转状态、刀具的磨损状况、开挖地层的图像信息和渣土的流动特性,建立一套土舱可视化实时监测系统,该系统通过上位机监控系统实时监测前端设备的工作状态,并将摄像机采集的信号实时传输到视频采集系统。介绍该系统方案,重点探讨其结构设计、硬件设计、软件设计,并通过室内和现场试验进行验证该系统的有效性。结果表明,该系统可实现土舱的实时视频监控、录像、回放以及系统温度、湿度和压力的监测。     

川藏铁路某隧道不明气体成因机制研究

为解决复杂地质条件地区隧道工程建设中出现的不明气体问题,以川藏铁路某隧道出现不明气体为切入点,结合工程地质学、地球化学等学科交叉的研究方法与思路,对该不明气体的成因机制及演化特征进行研究,探索一种研究不明气体的新思路。基于现场采样测试与全天候监测,总结分析该不明气体成分特征及其演化规律,得出该不明气体为混合成因气体;同时,从不明气体的工程地质条件入手,着眼于区域油气资源和煤系地层的分布及区域地质构造、岩石裂隙发育情况,排除不明气体由其他地区运移而来的可能;在此基础上,进行岩石室内试验,通过对不明气体赋存环境进行地球化学分析,分别论证气体的有机成因及无机成因,得出该不明气体是原地产生的,经历了有机成因和无机成因2个阶段且储量有限,对工程后期影响不大,为隧道后期顺利施工提供了指导。