沥青混合料低温性能评价指标研究

通过对现有评价沥青混合料低温性能的试验方法和评价指标的对比,提出低温弯曲和弯曲蠕变试验是较为经济可行的试验方法。破坏能是较好的评价沥青混合料低温性能的指标。应用低温弯曲和弯曲蠕变试验所得数据,给出了破坏能的简单计算方法。     

一种基于幂级数展开和最小二乘法的高速公路稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的辨识算法

提出了一种新的辨识Markos Papageorgiou提出的高速公路交通流模型中稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的算法.该算法分为两个步骤,第1步,利用幂级数的原理,将该关系式由非线性模型转换成线性模型;第2步,采用最小二乘法辨识线性模型,并在此基础上获得非线性模型的所有参数,从而达到辨识稳态速度-密度平衡关系式的目的.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,与传统的非线性辨识算法相比,该算法大大提高了模型辨识的运算速度,同时可以实现任意的辨识精度.     

多层反馈混沌神经网络及其在交叉口优化控制中的应用

研究城市交叉口交通控制信号优化配时问题。以Hopfield网络和混沌模型为基础,开发了多层反馈混沌神经网络,将其应用于城市交通控制信号配时优化,并开发了应用于优化计算的能量函数和车辆平均延误计算式;探讨了城市交通系统的混沌特性,并开发混沌定量判别算法。以广东某交叉路口为对象进行了仿真,结果表明:与传统的配时方法相比,采用所开发的多层反馈混沌神经网络进行优化配时,交叉路口车辆的平均延误可以平均减少25.1%,可以大大提高路口的通行效率。该网络也可以应用于其他对象的优化。     

稳定土厂拌设备的动态标定分析

稳定土厂拌设备在生产前需要对计量装置进行动态标定。根据稳定土厂拌设备的计量原理,在工程实践的基础上提出了一种行之有效的动态标定稳定土厂拌设备的方法,同时对准备工作和动态标定过程中应注意的问题也作了具体说明。经动态标定的稳定土厂拌设备有利于操作员直观、方便地了解机器的运行情况以及成品料质量的好坏。     

草根加筋土的护坡机理及强度准则试验研究

采用室内试验方法研究了草根加筋土护坡加筋原理，试验结果表明其加筋机理可以用准粘聚力原理来解释；通过对准粘聚力的实测结果进行分析研究，提出了加筋粘性土的准粘聚力计算方法；利用莫尔-库仑准则对草根加筋土试验结果的强度包线进行拟合发现效果良好，说明草根加筋土服从莫尔一库仑准则。研究结果对于深入认识植被护坡机理和合理确定草根土的抗剪强度具有指导意义。     

多轴专用汽车转向传动机构的设计

以多轴专用车为研究对象,在对转向传动机构的数学模型的分析计算的基础上,介绍了多轴汽车的转向传动机构的工作原理和设计方法。     

杭州湾跨海大桥监测系统中应变传感器的优化布点

传感器优化布点问题是大桥监测系统的重要研究课题之一,针对在建的世界上最长的跨海大桥之一———杭州湾跨海大桥,对健康与安全监测系统中应变传感器的优化布点问题进行了研究,该文主要通过基于结构应变模态得到的广义应变能密度对桥梁应变传感器布点进行分析,并且综合考虑实际测试的情况,结合恒载作用下结构的应变情况,得出大桥应变传感器的布点,实现结构状态信息的最优采集。     

沥青混合料旋转压实密实曲线信息及其应用

为了在配合比设计阶段预测沥青混合料的可施工特性和路用性能,采用高性能沥青路面(Superpave)旋转压实仪SGC对美国战略公路研究计划(SHRP)中推荐的粗、细沥青混合料进行了旋转压实,对密实曲线作了深入分析,提出了密实曲线斜率和密实能量指数概念以反映沥青混合料的内在信息。采用该方法对两种级配沥青混合料施工可压实特性和抵抗交通荷载抗变形能力进行了分析并结合车辙试验和试验路对指标的合理性进行了验证,研究表明:粗型级配沥青混合料的抗变形能力未必优于细型级配沥青混合料。     

Variational principle for determining the unknown wetted surface of a planing ship

A variational principle is presented to solve the problem of determining the unknown wetted surface of a planing ship on still water under gravity. The functional associated with the variational principle is expressed by the unknown wetted length distribution, the vortex line function, and the circulation distribution around the longitudinal sections, not by the bottom pressure distribution. In addition, the variational principle is adjoined with pseudoflow, here called reverse flow. The extremal of the functional satisfy the hull boundary integral equation in a similar way to that of lifting-surface theory and the elevated water surface condition along the spray root line. Both are sufficient to determine the wetted surface. A method of high aspect ratio approximation is also investigated. A simple relation is obtained between the wetted surface when moving and at standstill. The calculated shapes of the wetted surface of a planing plate agreed well with experimental results. Received for publication on Nov. 11, 1999; accepted on April 4, 2000     

Regulating transport’s environmental impacts in a deregulating world

In recent years, a growing awareness of the environmental impacts of transport has played a major part in the shift towards policies to manage the demand for travel. As a result, a substantial increase in the role of public transport has been identified as necessary in any strategy towards more environmentally sustainable transport patterns. At the same time there has been a quite separate process of deregulation and the withdrawal of the state from the transport market. These two trends appear to represent potentially contradictory processes. This article draws upon two major studies that explore the relationship between increasing needs for environmental regulation and the privatisation of bus and rail services. It is shown that, as currently organised in Britain, the development of bus and rail services are inadequately linked to strategic environmental policymaking and, rather than being part of the solution to transport’s environmental impacts, there is a real danger that these ‘green’ methods of transport could slide into simply being part of the problem itself. It is concluded that privatisation and deregulation does not mean the end of the need for policy mechanisms, but they do mean that policy has to be implemented in a very different way.