Deciphering interactions between white-tailed deer and approaching vehicles

Deer-vehicle collisions are a major transportation hazard, but factors affecting deer escape decision-making in response to vehicle approach remain poorly characterized. We made opportunistic observations of deer response to vehicle approach during daylight hours on a restricted-access facility in Ohio, USA (vehicle speeds were ≤64 km/h). We hypothesized that animal proximity to the road, group size, vehicle approach, and ambient conditions would affect perceived risk by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to vehicle approach, as measured by flight-initiation distance (FID). We constructed a priori models for FID, as well as road-crossing behavior. Deer responses were variable and did not demonstrate spatial or temporal margins of safety. Road-crossing behavior was slightly and positively influenced by group size during winter. Deer showed greater FIDs and likelihood of crossing when approached in the road; directionality of approach likely increased the perceived risk. These findings are consistent with antipredator theory relative to predator approach direction.     

电动汽车充电桩安全管理研究

随着国家对环境保护和能源节约的重视以及新能源政策的实施,电动汽车行业迎来了快速发展。充电基础设施的建设,是加快电动汽车推广的重要需要。电动汽车充电基础设施建设和运营业务发展的机会也极大,随之而来的安全管理工作要求也越来越高。本文依据充电桩建设和运营的特点,剖析其中面临的安全风险,并提出加强安全管理工作的措施,为充电桩企业安全管理运营提供参考和借鉴。     

回波检测法振激测点距离的回波信号影响分析探究

本研究以有缺陷预埋的隧道曲面砌衬管片作为目标结构试件,以室内实验分析的方式,对隧道砌衬激振回波检测中的振激部位和测点距离,给激振回波信号带来的影响课题开展专题分析探究,以为同类激振回波检测法工程应用提供研究和技术参考,助力实现有效适用的隧道砌衬激振回波检测。     

基于云平台的城市轨道交通能源管理系统

阐述了基于云平台的城市轨道交通能源管理系统架构和建设方式.该系统利用云计算的高效和弹性来部署建设,采用线网-车站二层管理模式,降低了线网和线路服务器等的硬件部署成本和维护成本.通过将能源管理系统内部使用的业务应用转换为基于云平台的能源管理应用软件,能源管理系统可获取云平台提供的共享数据,并将经过业务处理后的数据存储到云...     

船舶电缆自动化敷设系统设计与实现

在船舶电缆敷设过程中,很难借助有效的工装提高劳动效率,低空间的高强度作业存在严重的安全风险。以船舶电缆自动化敷设系统为分析对象,介绍系统组成和系统接口,采用比例积分微分(Proportion Integration Differentiation,PID)算法计算系统行程,通过PROFINET总线完成数据传输,以人机界面(Human Machine Interface,HMI)实现系统性能要求。在风电安装平台上的实际运用表明,该系统可解决造船行业劳动力成本高和安全风险大的问题。     

基于MQ插值的变形网格在船舶阻力预报中的应用

在非结构切分网格的框架下,发展了一种基于Multi-Quadric插值的变形网格技术,结合CFD软件STAR-CCM+,采用SST湍流模型,并以VOF法进行自由液面的追踪,将该变形网格技术应用于带附体穿浪双体船的阻力预报中。分别以网格的拉伸变形和斜率变形实现了阻流板和尾楔的边界运动,计算了阻流板高度为4 mm、6 mm和8 mm以及尾楔角度为5°、10°和15°时的工况。计算结果表明,变形网格方法与固定网格方法取得了相同的精度;同试验值相比,在不同工况下变形网格最大平均误差约为6.67%,验证了其可行性。但是,相比于固定网格方法,变形网格方法的计算时耗最大可减少40%,因此采用该变形网格方法可极大地提高带可变形附体的船舶的阻力预报效率。     

自航耙装舱装置消能效果比较试验

通过物理模型试验模拟自航耙吸挖泥船装舱溢流施工过程,以舱内流速、舱内浓度、溢流进出口泥沙粒径、装舱量几方面为主要控制因素,进行实测、分析,并比较自航耙4种常用装舱装置的消能效果。试验结果表明各种装舱装置的优劣效果差距并不明显,仿新海龙型装舱装置效果略好。     

Optimal joint distance and time toll for cordon-based congestion pricing

This paper addresses the optimal toll design problem for the cordon-based congestion pricing scheme, where both a time-toll and a nonlinear distance-toll (i.e., joint distance and time toll) are levied for each network user’s trip in a pricing cordon. The users’ route choice behaviour is assumed to follow the Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). We first propose a link-based convex programming model for the Logit-based SUE problem with a joint distance and time toll pattern. A mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is developed to formulate the optimal joint distance and time toll design problem. The developed MPEC model is equivalently transformed into a semi-infinite programming (SIP) model. A global optimization method named Incremental Constraint Method (ICM) is designed for solving the SIP model. Finally, two numerical examples are used to assess the proposed methodology.     

Energy-aware control for automated container terminals using integrated flow shop scheduling and optimal control

The performance of container terminals needs to be improved to handle the growth of transported containers and maintain port sustainability. This paper provides a methodology for improving the handling capacity of an automated container terminal in an energy-efficient way. The behavior of a container terminal is considered as consisting of a higher level and a lower level represented by discrete-event dynamics and continuous-time dynamics, respectively. These dynamics represent the behavior of a large number of terminal equipment. The dynamics need to be controlled. For controlling the higher level dynamics, a minimal makespan problem is solved. For this, the minimal time required by equipment for performing an operation at the lower level is needed. The minimal time for performing an operation at the lower level is obtained using Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. The actual operation time allowed by the higher level for processing an operation at the lower level is subsequently determined by a scheduling algorithm at the higher level. Given an actual operation time, the lower level dynamics are controlled using optimal control to achieve minimal energy consumption while respecting the time constraint. Simulation studies illustrate how energy-efficient management of equipment for the minimal makespan could be obtained using the proposed methodology.     

沿程磁处理管道输油实验研究

南海原油密度大、含蜡量高,对南海原油采用沿程磁处理,可降低聚集度,从而达到降黏输送的作用.为进一步研究磁处理对油品有降黏效果,使用仿真软件模拟磁铁摆放得到磁感应强度分布,再通过搭建沿程磁处理输油实验管道,以南海原油为介质进行实验研究.将有无磁处理的压力数据进行对比,并结合使用流变仪测定的油品黏度变化,综合分析得出使用2...