计及空腔能量耗散的尖劈结构声学特性研究

以喇叭型空腔为例分析了声波在尖劈空腔中的传播规律,给出了计及空腔能量耗散作用的尖劈结构吸声系数计算方法,通过声管测试验证了本文算法的有效性。在此基础上,通过数值试验预报了声呐平台区振动及自噪声分布,对比分析了空腔尖劈敷设方案对其声学特性的影响。结果表明:空腔对较低频段声波能量吸收有很大作用,在3 kHz以下频段计算空腔尖劈吸声性能时必须予以考虑;敷设空腔尖劈的声呐平台区的振动及自噪声总声压级显著降低,尖劈部分优化敷设既要兼顾声呐基阵位置处的声压分布。     

大型集装箱船平行靠泊研究

大型集装箱船舶如何平行靠泊对于码头和设备安全十分重要.分析了船舶受力偏转的各种因素.介绍了风、流转船力矩的合理应用.提出了控制好平行靠泊的"三要素".最后介绍了大型集装箱船在风大浪急进靠泊的方法和注意事项.可作参考.     

集装箱码头能耗指标分析探讨

能源在集装箱港口企业总成本中占有相当比重,抓好集装箱港口能源管理工作十分重要。提出了分解能源消耗指标的做法。并在分解基础上,对能源消耗进行内部分析和外部分析,有效地降低运营成本。     

固体清除剂吸附CO_2容量的测定

固体清除剂吸附CO2容量常用的测定方法有流量法、重量法、量气法和滴定法。用这些方法对常温下LiOH、KO2、LiOH-KO2-Ca(OH)2和弱碱性纤维等固体清除剂吸附CO2的吸附容量进行分析。当动力学流程中总流量为30L、CO2浓度为1%;或密闭空间内通入CO2流量为120L/h时,由于吸附容量测试方法不同,固体清除剂吸附CO2容量的数值存在一定差异,其大小顺序为:流量法>重量法>滴定法>量气法。     

Bus congestion, optimal infrastructure investment and the choice of a fare collection system in dedicated bus corridors

Microeconomic optimisation of scheduled public transport operations has traditionally focused on finding optimal values for the frequency of service, capacity of vehicles, number of lines and distance between stops. In addition, however, there exist other elements in the system that present a trade-off between the interests of users and operators that have not received attention in the literature, such as the optimal selection of a fare payment system and a designed running speed (i.e., the cruising speed that buses maintain in between two consecutive stops). Alternative fare payment methods (e.g., on-board and off-board, payment by cash, magnetic strip or smart card) have different boarding times and capital costs, with the more efficient systems such as a contactless smart card imposing higher amounts of capital investment. Based on empirical data from several Bus Rapid Transit systems around the world, we also find that there is a positive relationship between infrastructure cost per kilometre and commercial speed (including stops), achieved by the buses, which we further postulate as a linear relationship between infrastructure investment and running speed. Given this context, we develop a microeconomic model for the operation of a bus corridor that minimises total cost (users and operator) and has five decision variables: frequency, capacity of vehicles, station spacing, fare payment system and running speed, thus extending the traditional framework. Congestion, induced by bus frequency, plays an important role in the design of the system, as queues develop behind high demand bus stops when the frequency is high. We show that (i) an off-board fare payment system is the most cost effective in the majority of circumstances; (ii) bus congestion results in decreased frequency while fare and bus capacity increase, and (iii) the optimal running speed grows with the logarithm of demand.     

某地铁旁通道冻结法施工三维温度场数值计算研究

冻结法在地铁旁通道施工中得到了广泛的应用,冻土墙的设计温度和厚度是工程安全的重要前提,为了直观了解冻土墙的温度特性,保证工程的安全,通常采用数值计算模拟温度场.目前多采用简化的平面模型,由于旁通道冻结工程中冻结管布置并不是平行的,所以采用简化的平面模型来进行计算,其计算结果存在较大的误差.为此建立了旁通道冻结三维模型进...     

高寒隧道保温设计研究及热工计算方法初探

目前国内高寒隧道研究成果还不能完全满足隧道设计要求,文章借鉴我国建设部房建行业和日本国铁的研究成果,提出了适用于季节性冻土隧道洞口保温段长度、衬砌保温及水沟保温的设计计算方法。     

地铁车站近接正交下穿既有地铁隧道的变形分析

北京地铁五号线崇文门车站正交下穿既有地铁二号线崇文门站东端喇叭口式过渡段区间,两者之间的净距仅为1.98m.该地铁车站施工采用全断面注浆条件下的柱洞法.文章以此工程背景为研究对象,采用3D-σ三维数值分析软件,建立地铁车站-已有地铁隧道的三维有限元模型,计算分析隧道动态施工时地层以及既有地铁隧道沉降变形发展规律,对比分...     

Seaport research: A structured literature review on methodological issues since the 1980s

This study aims to investigate how seaport research has been conducted from the methodological perspective. To this end, this study reviews published port literature for the last three decades (1980-2000s). The investigation primarily categorises the literature according to various methodological issues such as research paradigm, research strategy, base-disciplines, research methods and analysis techniques in order to provide meaningful implications on methodological evolution in seaport research for the period. This study suggests methodological bias in port research to a positivistic paradigm, following a quantitative trajectory moving from conceptual to empirical studies. In addition, the increased use of mathematical modelling and advanced statistical analysis methods is clearly observed. The introduction of advanced analytical tools used in other academic disciplines facilitates discussions in particular research area and amplifies the literature in those areas. This paper also suggests research gaps from the methodological perspective and implications for future port research.     

当前铁路隧道施工亟待解决的若干技术问题

高速铁路隧道工程建设标准高,施工难度大,安全风险高,施工管理要求严格。文章以贵广铁路隧道工程为实例,结合当前国内隧道施工技术现状和贵广铁路隧道创新技术的现场实践,研究分析了制约隧道施工安全和施工效率的突出技术问题,取得了一系列研究成果:①基于精细爆破技术的微台阶开挖工艺可有效解决IV、V级围岩隧道开挖进度与工序安全距离之间的矛盾;②得益于通风技术和空气净化技术的进步,无轨运输方式可以适应于长大隧道的施工;③隧道仰拱快速施工设备和隧道沟槽移动模架的开发应用填补了这一领域的空白;④信息化施工是未来隧道施工技术发展的大趋势。