舰用主汽轮机汽缸动刚度分析研究

为准确计算主汽轮机低压缸整体结构的动刚度,选取最能反映模型整体位移的低压缸底部中心处为单位激振力的加载点,考虑模型在单位激振力作用下的动态响应,并与在前后轴承座处加载单位激振力时的动态响应进行对比分析。研究表明,在低压缸底部中心处加载激振力能够较好地反映整体模型的振动特性,能较精确地得到整体模型的动刚度,是可行且有效的。     

环保疏浚底泥资源化技术研究进展

随着环保疏浚项目的增多,疏浚底泥的资源化问题成为了世界关注的问题。文中引用大量的文献从能源回收、材料制备和土壤恢复利用三大领域介绍了污染底泥资源化的一些前沿及应用技术,其中包括制氢技术、制备建筑材料的技术、堆肥农用技术以及湖滨带基底修复技术。针对不同的污染底泥进行相应的资源化利用,将具有广阔的应用前景。     

山岭重丘区高速公路桥梁桥台型式的设计

针对山岭重丘区高速公路建设中出现的地形、地质复杂等情况,对该类地区的桥台设计应坚持因地制宜、综合设计的理念。从更安全、更经济、更环保的角度出发,以使桥台型式的设计方案更为合理。     

公路建设项目的环保投资分析

通过调查研究我国部分省市的公路环保投资．对我国公路环保投资的主体、来源、规模结构、使用结构进行了分析．为公路环保投资的决策管理提供参考资料。     

城轨交通高架桥墩顶纵向刚度的设计探讨

对桥墩纵向刚度进行计算,分析影响桥梁下部结构刚度的主要因素,包括桩径、桩间距以及墩截面几何尺寸.探讨在相同刚度的条件下,如何合理选择墩柱刚度及基础刚度,以保证结构受力合理且经济性好.     

长春商业中心交通环境影响分析评价研究

结合城市交通环境影响分析基本要求,从长春商业中心区位发展特性出发,分析商业中心交通环境影响评价的内容,提出商业中心交通环境影响评价的原则和步骤,最后归纳了长春市商业中心交通环境影响分析评价的方法。     

金属弹簧刚度频变分析及等效算法

为研究金属螺旋弹簧的动态特性及动刚度对频率的响应,利用有限元方法,建立了弹簧有限元模型,计算了弹簧的稳态响应,分析了其幅频特性曲线,并提出弹簧刚度的等效算法。计算结果表明:弹簧的动刚度随着激振频率的增大总体趋势是增大的,但是在共振频率处,动刚度极小,低于静刚度,而在反共振频率处,动刚度极大,远高于静刚度;两种算法的刚度-频率曲线几乎重合,因此,金属弹簧确实存在显著的动态特性,采用多自由度系统等效弹簧系统是可行的。     

The visual impact of development in coastal zone areas

Abstract

The focus of this paper is theoretical, as well as methodological. It reviews previous studies of visual impact and reports research by the author on people's evaluation of the appropriateness of different man‐made facilities in different coastal‐area contexts and other environments. In this study, subjects were asked to react to slides developed through the use of landscape models and experimental facilities to simulate the appearance of a building in the landscape, while systematically varying the visual relatedness between the two. Specific interest centered on the variable of congruity vs. contrast between the appearance of the building and its landscape context, manipulated by co‐varying the attributes of color and size to create a five‐point scale of contrast/obtrusiveness. The hypothesis was that judgments of appropriateness, and to a lesser extent judgments of liking, would vary inversely with level of contrast. The role of two further variables, the functional significance of the building in its setting, and the character of the setting itself, was also investigated. The author reviews methodological issues involved where subjects respond to visual stimuli for purposes of judging change in visual quality. These methodological issues include: stimulus‐selection and problems of simulation, choice of response measures, and choice of respondents, and the treatment of individual differences. The author calls for development of standardized scales and indices such as “perceptually‐relevant environmental quality indicators.”     

The dredging dilemma: Economic development and environmental protection in Oakland Harbor

Abstract

Seaport expansion often generates tensions between the national interest in efficient transport and local interests in water quality and habitat preservation. The governing American permitting system, however, establishes an extraordinarily cumbersome, legalistic, and costly method for balancing environmental and economic considerations. A case study of the Port of Oakland illustrates the tendency. For four years, plans to find an environmentally acceptable site for dredged material have been stymied by a sequence of inconclusive regulatory and judicial proceedings. Meanwhile, large container ships can enter and leave Oakland harbor only at high tide, and not fully loaded. Despite the absence of any authoritative determination concerning environmental risks, the port was compelled to accede to progressively more expensive disposal methods. Such “adversarial legalism”; is not unique to the Oakland harbor case, but recurs in other policy spheres. It stems from a governmental structure that fragments decision‐making power among many agencies, that constrains regulatory discretion with legal demands for scientific certainty, and that by allowing agency decisions to be challenged readily in court, encourages legalistic defensiveness and extortion rather than compromise. The article concludes with a discussion of the conditions under which regional planning bodies might overcome these centrifugal tendencies.     

隔振器和垫板贴合率的测量方法研究

在机械隔振系统中,采用传统的蓝油法和塞尺法都无法较完整地反映金属隔振器与垫板间的接触状况。考虑到金属间的贴合程度主要由组件所受的压力及两接触面物理特性所决定,研究提出了一种用于检测垫板和金属隔振器贴合率的工程实用测量方法,并通过多样本试验,证实了方法的可行性。该方法操作简便,检测结果可信。