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71.
路面平整度检测技术现状与发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对现有路面平整度检测方法的技术要点作了分析,总结出这些方法存在的问题.详细论述了激光路面平整度检测技术的工作原理、应用现状和发展趋势. 相似文献
72.
地铁车辆运行舒适度与平稳性评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
作为公共交通工具的地铁车辆,应具备良好的运行平稳性并提供必要的舒适度.在进行旅客乘坐舒适性评价时,除沿用至今的平稳性指标外,UIC 513标准的舒适度指标评定方法也被逐步采用.为加深对舒适度指标的理解,比较其与平稳性指标的异同,结合某地铁车辆测试,阐述了两种评价方法的计算过程与测试结果,分析了各自特点. 相似文献
73.
高墩大跨连续刚构桥最大悬臂阶段风致响应及其对施工人员的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以某高墩大跨连续刚构桥为工程背景进行了空间有限元分析,采用静力分析方法,分别计算了阵风作用下最大双悬臂施工状态下高墩桥梁和跨度相近的低墩桥梁的结构内力,并探讨了其墩底内力特点;采用时域分析方法,计算了桥梁最大双悬臂施工状态下结构的抖振响应,通过进行舒适度分析,讨论了桥梁抖振响应对施工人员安全的影响。研究结果表明:高墩刚构桥墩底的横桥向弯矩由主梁上风荷载对称加载方式决定,而低墩刚构桥则由非对称方式决定;最大双悬臂状态在抖振作用下的Diekemann舒适度指标值很小,对施工人员的工作影响不大。 相似文献
74.
就地热再生能直接在现场一次性完成路面修复,但因其材料组成和施工工艺复杂等极易出现混合料不均匀问题,为解决此问题,尝试从集料入手,对就地热再生沥青混合料均匀性的评价指标进行研究。首先,采用数码相机获取就地热再生沥青混合料试件截面的数字图像,基于数字图像处理技术识别截面中所有新旧集料的细观结构;然后,采用环扇分割法将截面分成36个等面积区域,基于区域集料颗粒面积比和新集料颗粒偏离度分别提出集料均匀性评价指标D和新集料均匀性评价指标H;最后,通过改变RAP加热温度、RAP拌和时间、新沥青混合料拌和温度与新旧料混合时间4个因素,进行正交试验,进一步分析均匀性指标的变化规律和可靠性。结果表明:环形分区结合OTSU阈值分割方法可准确识别沥青混合料截面图像中的集料信息,保留绿色通道的方法可有效识别不同灰度值的新旧集料;对试件截面均匀性的定性分析初步验证了这2个均匀性指标的有效性;RAP加热温度与新沥青混合料拌和温度对D影响显著,RAP加热温度和新旧料混合时间对H影响显著;而且,随着RAP加热温度、新沥青混合料温度和新旧料混合时间的增加,就地热再生混合料的均匀性变好,这与以往的研究结论相一致,进一步验证了这2个均匀性评价指标的可靠性。 相似文献
75.
76.
本文在梳理绿色公路建设历程的基础上,结合绿色公路提出的时代背景、发展要求及目前评价指标体系存在的问题,借鉴目标管理法(MBO)突出结果导向,面向全寿命周期的三个阶段,从"资源节约"、"生态环保"、"低碳减排"、"智慧高效"等方面构建了包括4个一级指标、25个二级指标的绿色公路评价指标体系。 相似文献
77.
Dongjoo Park Laurence R. Rilett Byron J. Gajewski Clifford H. Spiegelman Changho Choi 《Transportation》2009,36(1):77-95
With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers
have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current
conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal
aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route
travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology
explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed
for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation
size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor,
(2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel
time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston,
Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It
was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.
相似文献
Changho ChoiEmail: |
78.
Katharina ParryMartin L. Hazelton 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2012,46(1):175-188
Estimation of origin-destination (OD) matrices from link count data is a challenging problem because of the highly indeterminate relationship between the observations and the latent route flows. Conversely, estimation is straightforward if we observe the path taken by each vehicle. We consider an intermediate problem of increasing practical importance, in which link count data is supplemented by routing information for a fraction of vehicles on the network. We develop a statistical model for these combined data sources and derive some tractable normal approximations thereof. We examine likelihood-based inference for these normal models under the assumption that the probability of vehicle tracking is known. We show that the likelihood theory can be non-standard because of boundary effects, and provide conditions under which such irregular behaviour will be observed in practice. For regular cases we outline connections with existing generalised least squares methods. We then consider estimation of OD matrices under estimated and/or misspecified models for the probability of vehicle tracking. Theoretical developments are complemented by simulation experiments and an illustrative example using a section of road network from the English city of Leicester. 相似文献
79.
Bi Yu Chen William H.K. Lam Agachai SumaleeQingquan Li Zhi-Chun Li 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(3):501-516
To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links. 相似文献
80.
Baibing Li 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2012,46(1):85-99
Vehicle time headway is an important traffic parameter. It affects roadway safety, capacity, and level of service. Single inductive loop detectors are widely deployed in road networks, supplying a wealth of information on the current status of traffic flow. In this paper, we perform Bayesian analysis to online estimate average vehicle time headway using the data collected from a single inductive loop detector. We consider three different scenarios, i.e. light, congested, and disturbed traffic conditions, and have developed a set of unified recursive estimation equations that can be applied to all three scenarios. The computational overhead of updating the estimate is kept to a minimum. The developed recursive method provides an efficient way for the online monitoring of roadway safety and level of service. The method is illustrated using a simulation study and real traffic data. 相似文献