SBS/橡胶粉复合改性SH型混合生物沥青工艺及机理

为探究复合改性技术提升混合生物沥青路用性能的工艺及机理,针对特定来源的SH型生物沥青,将其与石油沥青共混制备混合生物沥青后进行SBS/橡胶粉复合改性,研究改性顺序及改性剂掺量对复合改性沥青常规路用性能的影响、生物沥青掺量对改性剂溶胀特性与复合改性沥青高温及低温性能的影响,由此确定混合生物沥青复合改性工艺;利用多应力重复蠕变恢复（MSCR）、弯曲梁流变（BBR）和频率扫描（FS）试验评价复合改性沥青的流变特性;借助红外光谱（IR）化学官能团分析以及荧光显微镜（FM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）微观形貌观测分析揭示混合生物沥青复合改性机理。研究结果表明：SBS掺量为2.5%,橡胶粉掺量为18%（内掺）时,按照先SBS改性后橡胶粉改性的顺序制备的复合改性沥青的常规路用性能均较优;生物沥青掺量为15%时改性剂溶胀特性与复合改性沥青的高温及低温性能均较佳;SBS/橡胶粉复合改性在显著提升混合生物沥青弹性恢复率与m值的同时还降低了其不可恢复柔量与劲度模量,即改善了混合生物沥青的高温稳定性与低温抗裂性,且此结果与FS复数模量主曲线结果相一致;生物沥青可有效增溶聚合物改性剂并增强聚合物相网络结构,从而显著提升沥青复合改性效果;对混合生物沥青进行SBS/橡胶粉复合改性后未出现新的特征吸收峰,此复合改性过程属于物理变化;沥青厂生产的复合改性沥青性能优于实验室水平制备的复合改性沥青。     

山区高速公路边坡稳定性评价方法浅析

山区高速公路边坡的稳定性对道路交通安全具有重要影响,通过对国内外很多边坡稳定性评价方法的介绍,指出了各种边坡稳定性评价方法存在的缺陷,并提出了一些建议。     

高速公路合理收费标准确定方法研究

随着投入运营的时间增加,高速公路运营管理中的矛盾日益突出,如何确定科学合理的道路收费率,成为道路经营者普遍关注的问题。在收费标准基本模型的基础上提出了收费标准方案评估模型,利用判断矩阵选择最佳方案,并制定了相应的收费标准的动态调整方法。     

圭嘎拉高海拔隧道施工人员体力劳动强度评价

为探究圭嘎拉高海拔隧道施工人员体力劳动强度水平,评价施工工序劳动强度,选择圭嘎拉隧道进口段（海拔4 300 m）及1#斜井段（海拔4 560 m）的施工人员作为测试对象,分别测量不同工序下施工人员的生理指标（心率、血氧饱和度、耗氧量）。基于耗氧量计算能量代谢率,进而计算各工序的劳动强度指数。结果表明： 1）260 m的海拔高差造成的施工综合劳动强度指数差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）; 2）二次衬砌钢筋绑扎是所测施工工序中劳动强度最大的工序,该工序下施工人员的心率、血氧饱和度和平均能量代谢率都出现超过卫生限值的情况,劳动强度指数达到35（极重）; 3）海拔为4 300~4 560 m时,隧道各施工工序劳动强度大部分为中度-极重度。     

Analysis on the Effects of Overloading on the Mechanical Properties of Tunnel Structures in the Silty Ground --A Case Study of Sutong River-crossing GIL Utility Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Based on the Sutong GIL utility tunnel project, which is constructed by the shield machine under the river, and as for the overloading problem at the river bank slope during operating period, the refined threedimensional finite element model was established to study the deformation and cracking characteristics of the tunnel segment structure under different forms of overloading. The evolution laws of section convergence, joint opening and structural stress were analyzed, and the structure damage mechanisms were revealed under conditions of large area loading and local loading. The surface-surcharge control standard was proposed. For the big diameter shield tunneling crossing the silty clay, the research results show that: (1) the deformation failure process is divided into three stages under large area loading condition, taking the design load and compressive yield of rebars inside haunch as the critical points respectively. The first stage is characterized by the elastic stress, the second stage is in plastic state with fracture, and the third stage is accelerating deformation and instability stage. The vertical convergence is 110.5 mm with no opening of joints when rebars are yielded; (2)the deformation failure process under local loading condition is also divided into elasticity, plasticity and instability stages, taking the design load and tensile yield of rebars outside haunch as the critical points respectively. The vertical convergence is 152.6 mm with joint opening of 4.36 mm; (3) the early-warning values of additional stress on the ground under conditions of large area loading and local loading are 110 kPa and 70 kPa respectively. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

A Delphi analysis on green performance evaluation indices for ports in China

This study identified a set of applicable and practical green performance evaluation indices for Chinese ports using the Delphi technique. The research was conducted by targeting three representative Chinese ports in Eastern China: the Shanghai Port, Ningbo Port, and Qingdao Port. An effective expert panel was structured with direct stakeholders related to green performance, which was based on a sufficient consideration of the unique and the special decision-making system for Chinese ports. Twenty-one green performance indices in six dimensions (i.e. liquid pollution management, air pollution management, noise control, low carbon regulations and energy savings, marine biology preservation, and organization and management) were eventually identified through three rounds of iterations. The identified green performance indices for Chinese ports are highly consistent with the Chinese Government’s environmental policies. Compared with European ports, the green port performance indicators in China are not as comprehensive. The indicators that are strictly consistent with national macro policies and the factors that are more easily seen, heard, and felt were perceived to be more important. From an academic perspective, this study offers a new approach for system establishment and green practice criteria exploration and thus provides a significant basis for further green port studies.     

Simulating ad-hoc demand-responsive transportation: a comparison of three approaches

Transport models are used to evaluate new infrastructure and public transport services, varied levels of demand, and new ideas for demand management. Exploring these proposals virtually is easier than implementation and testing in situ. However, existing models are based around traditional forms of transportation. As part of a feature analysis using a case study approach, three different simulation packages (a simple custom-developed package, traffic microsimulation, and agent-based simulation) are used to develop and demonstrate simulations of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each simulation approach for evaluating DRT. While the simulations display some relational replication (meaning they produce similar relational patterns with respect to certain variables), they do not show distributional replication (that is, the value of the results is not statistically similar), meaning that under- or over-estimation of predicted travel could occur. Recommendations for the application of each modeling approach are made.     

船舶机舱空气质量监测评价仪的设计及实现

机舱多模式空气质量监测评价仪是对机舱气体进行实时监测并做出评价的智能化产品.本仪器通过多种传感器对机舱气体中部分物质的含量进行采集,利用单片机进行数据整理和分析,实时给出评价.该仪器对于监测机舱环境的空气品质,为轮机人员提供自我防护决策提供了依据和保障,有较大的意义和实用价值.