Deconstructing development density: Quality, quantity and price effects on household non-work travel

Smart growth and transit-oriented development proponents advocate increasing the density of new land development and infill redevelopment. This is partly in order to reduce auto use, by reducing distances between trip origins and destinations, creating a more enjoyable walking environment, slowing down road travel, and increasing the market for transit. But research investigating how development density influences household travel has typically been inadequate to account for this complex set of hypotheses: it has used theoretically unjustified measures, has not accounted for spatial scale very well, and has not investigated potentially important combinations of measures. Using data from a survey of metropolitan households in California, measures of development density corresponding to the main hypotheses about how density affects travel—activity density affecting distance traveled, network load density affecting the speed of auto travel, and built form density affecting the quality of walking—are tested as independent variables in models of auto trip speed and individual non-work travel. Residential network load density is highly negatively correlated with the speed of driving, and is also highly correlated with non-work travel, both singly and in combination with other measures. Activity density and built form density are not as significantly related, on their own. These results suggest that denser development will not influence travel very much unless road level-of-service standards and parking requirements are reduced or eliminated.     

Case Analysis on Vehicle Parking and Departure Plans for the National Stadium

As the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, field and track events, and final football games. This paper intends to study the problems associated with vehicle evacuation from the parking lot, and develop evacuation plans. First, the paper analyzes the particular conditions of the parking lot in the National Stadium, as well as its layout and vehicle evacuation. Then, it simulates and evaluates the evacuation plans with the suitably given parameters, based on the real blueprint of the National Stadium and scenarios. Finally, it conducts a comparative analysis on the accuracy and practicability of the vehicle evacuation plans based on the field data collected at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The simulation result shows that the total vehicle evacuation time was 26 minutes and the real evacuation time was 27 minutes on the day of the opening ceremony, which verifies that the study is accurate and practical.     

煤系地层公路高切坡稳定性评价

在山区修建公路不可避免地需要进行高切深挖,往往会形成大量的高切坡,边坡岩体原有应力平衡被打破,为高切坡的失稳创造了地质条件。以两巫公路(巫山及巫溪)K 90+310~K 90+370段煤系高切坡为研究对象,利用赤平极射投影法、有限元ANSYS法对高切坡整体和局部稳定性做出了评价。研究表明,坡体主控结构面对岩质高切坡的整体稳定性起控制作用;煤夹层对岩质高切坡的局部稳定性起控制作用。建议采用锚杆喷射混凝土-挂网来加固坡体整体,用锚索-格构梁和劈裂注浆联合法来加固坡体局部。     

货运企业运输安全综合评价研究

介绍了货运企业运输安全综合评价指标体系建立的原则,利用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重。运用模糊评估理论建立了货运企业运输安全综合评价模型,此模型的运用有利于促进货运企业运输安全工作。     

关于公路建设项目经济评价的几点思考

经济评价是通过财务评价和国民经济评价,分析项目的经济合理性和财务合理性,并作为项目是否建设的重要决定要素之一。交通量预测、评价指标的选取、征地补偿费用与土地机会成本、国民经济效益等计量的正确与否将直接影响项目经济评价的结果。     

山东省2006、2007年交通现代化实现度的测算

借助《山东省交通现代化评判方法及指标体系的研究》课题的成果,依据山东交通评价指标体系对山东省2006、2007年的交通现代化实现度进行测算,提出了公路建设、道路运输、水路运输不同领域发展的意见和建议。     

初中课堂教学评价的初步探索与反思

本文尝试对初中课堂教学评价作一点有益的探索.论文共分三部分第一部分概述课堂教学评价研究包括对教育评价的概念、理论依据和研究方法及原则进行阐述,第二部分进行对目前初中课堂教学评价存在的问题及原因分析,第三部分对初中课堂教学提出评价策略及具体实施.     

资产减值准则比较研究

本文通过分析、比较新旧会计准则、国际会计准则关于资产减值准则的异同,突出新准则特色,以便更好地理解与运用新资产减值准则.     

模糊综合评价法在PPP项目风险评价中的应用

根据PPP项目的特点,识别PPP项目运作过程中的风险,建立了PPP项目的风险评价指标体系。采用模糊综合评价方法,力求定性的分析定量化,使PPP项目的风险评价更加有效。最后以基础设施建设项目为例,介绍了该方法的应用。     

两种算法在公路评标中的运用对比

选择正确的承包商直接影响业主的利益和工程质量,在我国,评标方法已经有一定的发展,其中以GRA算法及最小隶属度偏差法为代表,通过介绍两种算法运用在评标过程的思路及计算步骤,对其进行分析比较,指出其相同点和不同点。