PM10、PM2.5与油品质量的关系探讨

随着雾霾天气的持续出现和机动车保有量的快速增长,专业名词PM逐渐进入公众视野,油品质量也成为环保部门和社会关注的焦点。本文从PM的污染现状与控制标准、PM与机动车尾气、PM与油品组分三方面综述了国内外相关研究成果,分析了PM与油品质量的关系,阐明油品质量升级的意义与压力,并提出关于油品质量升级的建议。     

Internalization of Transportation External Costs: Impact Analysis of Logistics Company Mode and Route Choices

Abstract

This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example.     

驱逐舰烟气排放过程数值仿真及同模型试验比较研究(英文)

The exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate is investigated numerically through the numerical solution of the governing fluid flow, energy, species and turbulence equations. The main objective of this work is to obtain the effects of the yaw angle, velocity ratio and buoyancy on the dispersion of the exhaust smoke. The numerical method is based on the fully conserved control-volume representation of the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-equation(k-ε) model. The flow visualization tests using a 1/100 scale model of the frigate in the wind tunnel were also carried out to determine the exhaust plume path and to validate the computational results. The results show that down wash phenomena occurs for the yaw angles between ψ =10° and 20°. The results with different exhaust gas temperatures show that the buoyancy effect increases with the increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. However, its effect on the plume rise is less significant in comparison with its momentum. A good agreement between the predictions and experiment results is obtained.     

瞬态直接电流控制的脉冲整流器研究

以城市轨道牵引供电系统中网侧变流器为研究对象,通过单相两电平整流器数学模型,对瞬态直接电流控制原理进行分析,给出瞬态直接电流控制的脉冲整流器数学模型和控制方程,最后在Matlab／Simulink下建立仿真模型,仿真波形表明瞬态直接电流控制是一种有效的控制方式,可以提高交流侧功率因数,同时保证直流侧还有稳定的直流电压和动态响应。     

浅议施工机械发展技术与环保

施工机械的发展应重视环境保护。介绍了改善发动机废气污染、降低发动机和整机热污染以及降低施工机械噪声的措施。以期能为施工机械的发展提供一些参考。     

船舶防污染作业等级评定量化研究

文章应用模糊数学评估方法,建立船舶防污染作业等级评定模型,为量化研究船舶防污染作业单位安全状况提供了具体的方法和依据。最后结合辖区实际进行了验证。     

水污染对飞机油液系统影响综述

通过论述油液系统中水污染的来源、特点、危害及水含量的主要测试方法,针对部队实际工作情况,提出几点预防和控制水污染的方法。     

内河机动船大气污染的防治措施研究

目前我国内河机动船发展较快,随之而来的污染问题日益突出。文章对内河机动船的大气污染防治现状进行了分析,并从完善监管体系、加强污染防治能力建设、强化船员环保意识、推进新能源使用等方面提出了解决问题的对策。     

大连“7·16”事故海上清污工作的深度思考

为及时应对大规模海上溢油污染事故,有效控制和消除污染,最大限度地降低溢油污染事故对海洋环境造成的影响.在分析大连“7·16”事故海上清污工作全过程的基础上,深入研究此次清污工作的成功经验和存在的问题.在国家和地方层面上,从体制、机制、法规、资金、装备和人员等方面提出加强我国海域和内河水域溢油应急能力建设的建议,对完善我国溢油应急体系,提升海上溢油污染事故的防治能力具有重要意义.     

发动机水下排气噪声预报研究

由于涉及到两相流,所以发动机水下排气噪声的产生机理和辐射特性非常复杂。文章基于Mixture多相流模型、RNGκ-ε湍流模型和Ffowcs Williams-Hawking声学模型对发动机水下排气噪声进行了数值预报研究,并试验测量了相应工况下发动机水下排气噪声,对数值研究的结果进行了验证。结果表明,文中所提出的发动机水下排气噪声数值预报方法在工程上是可行的。