Routing aspects of electric vehicle drivers and their effects on network performance

This study investigates the routing aspects of battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers and their effects on the overall traffic network performance. BEVs have unique characteristics such as range limitation, long battery recharging time, and recuperation of energy lost during the deceleration phase if equipped with regenerative braking system (RBS). In addition, the energy consumption rate per unit distance traveled is lower at moderate speed than at higher speed. This raises two interesting questions: (i) whether these characteristics of BEVs will lead to different route selection compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), and (ii) whether such route selection implications of BEVs will affect the network performance. With the increasing market penetration of BEVs, these questions are becoming more important. This study formulates a multi-class dynamic user equilibrium (MCDUE) model to determine the equilibrium flows for mixed traffic consisting of BEVs and ICEVs. A simulation-based solution procedure is proposed for the MCDUE model. In the MCDUE model, BEVs select routes to minimize the generalized cost which includes route travel time, energy related costs and range anxiety cost, and ICEVs to minimize route travel time. Results from numerical experiments illustrate that BEV drivers select routes with lower speed to conserve and recuperate battery energy while ICEV drivers select shortest travel time routes. They also illustrate that the differences in route choice behavior of BEV and ICEV drivers can synergistically lead to reduction in total travel time and the network performance towards system optimum under certain conditions.     

Dynamic green bike repositioning problem – A hybrid rolling horizon artificial bee colony algorithm approach

This paper introduces a new dynamic green bike repositioning problem (DGBRP) that simultaneously minimizes the total unmet demand of the bike-sharing system and the fuel and CO₂ emission cost of the repositioning vehicle over an operational period. The problem determines the route and the number of bikes loaded and unloaded at each visited node over a multi-period operational horizon during which the cycling demand at each node varies from time to time. To handle the dynamic nature of the problem, this study adopts a rolling horizon approach to break down the proposed problem into a set of stages, in which a static bike repositioning sub-problem is solved in each stage. An enhanced artificial bee colony (EABC) algorithm and a route truncation heuristic are jointly used to optimize the route design in each stage, and the loading and unloading heuristic is used to tackle the loading and unloading sub-problem along the route in a given stage. Numerical results show that the EABC algorithm outperforms Genetic Algorithm in solving the routing sub-problem. Computation experiments are performed to illustrate the effect of the stage duration on the two objective values, and the results show that longer stage duration leads to higher total unmet demand and total fuel and CO₂ emission cost. Numerical studies are also performed to illustrate the effects of the weight and the loading and unloading times on the two objective values and the tradeoff between the two objectives.     

新岭隧道爆破振动施工合理净距探讨

隧道拓宽工程中,选取合理净距是新建分离式独立双洞隧道设计的关键,尤其是在保证既有隧道安全运营的前提下其重要性更是不言而喻。以杭金衢高速公路新岭隧道拓宽工程为依托,采用数值模拟计算方法,以既有隧道结构受力特征为研究对象,选取爆破振速和衬砌应力为主要控制参数,推导出既有隧道衬砌振速和应力与隧道净距间的对应关系,并依次得出爆破振动施工中新建隧道与既有隧道的合理净距,其可为类似工程的设计和施工提供参考。     

平原地区高速公路互通式立交主线下穿既有道路关键问题探讨

结合宿扬高速公路与扬州西北绕城高速公路交叉点处设置的扬州西枢纽互通式立交方案设计,研究互通式立交枢纽主线下穿既有道路设计方案的技术问题解决途径。根据互通式立交枢纽主线下穿既有道路设计方案中比较突出的区域排水、施工组织和对既有高速公路路基的影响等问题,提出相应的解决方案,可供类似互通式立交工程设计施工参考。     

TRIZ技术进化在汽车转向系统的应用解析

介绍了发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)中的技术进化理论,包括技术进化法则及进化路线,应用"动态性和可控性进化法则"中的"向流体或场进化路线",解析了汽车转向系统的技术进化历程及未来发展趋势。     

深圳地铁盾构隧道接收端近距离下穿既有线加固技术

近距离下穿既有线的地铁盾构隧道端头加固,不仅要保证盾构出洞时地层的稳定性、避免发生涌水坍塌,还要防止加固施工及盾构掘进出洞施工引起既有线路的沉降超标。尤其对正在运营的地铁线路而言,其对轨道变形高度敏感,产生的位移超过一定标准将会对铁路车辆的运营安全带来极大的隐患。以深圳地铁7号线和9号线盾构区间为例,根据工程所处的环境,对静压循环注浆控制技术、扩散性好凝胶时间可控的新型材料进行研究应用,并利用自动化监测技术。盾构端头井加固达到了要求,确保了盾构安全出洞,还使临近既有线变形量控制在规范要求的范围内。     

下穿机场跑道大断面隧道施工对策及地层变形规律研究

北京首都国际机场T3与T2航站楼之间的单层双跨连拱浅埋暗挖大断面隧道垂直下穿机场跑道,采用超长管幕下十导洞分步暗挖法施工。通过对隧道施工地表变形进行分析,得出以下结论:1)新建隧道施工地表最大沉降值平均为9.28 mm,控制变形情况良好,采用超长管幕保护浅埋暗挖施工技术切实可行;2)3个断面变形拟合得到的确定调节系数平均为0.951,地表变形符合Peck公式;3)变形拟合得到的K值平均为1.903,为北京地区常规数值的3~6倍,管幕的存在对新建隧道施工引起的地层变形具有阻隔及扩散作用;4)变形拟合得到的Vl值平均为0.201%,略低于北京地区常规施工方法水平。     

应急救援中多目标车辆路径问题研究

针对突发事件下应急物流的特点,综合考虑救援时间最短、救援成本最低的应急物资车辆路径调度方法。相对于传统的车辆路径模型,模型中引入道路通畅率这一重要因素作为约束条件,建立适合于解决实际问题的模型与算法。实例结果表明:相对于传统的应急车辆路径求解方法,该模型与算法可有效地缩短救援时间,减少救援成本。     

大跨度双幅T构钢箱连续梁同步转体跨越既有铁路设计

以青岛市新机场高速连接线主桥2×120 m钢箱T构连续梁上跨胶济货线、胶济客专双线、青荣城际双线、机场专用线6条既有铁路设计为背景,针对设计中所面临的主桥跨越既有线多、跨度大、铁路及航空双重限界、复杂环境下长期运维等诸多技术难题,从安全性、经济性、施工及长期运维便捷性等角度进行研究.研究结果表明:(1)公路主桥采用2×...     

对隧道施工地质超前预报工作的反思与探讨

研究目的：寻找在隧道施工地质超前预报实践中存在的问题和预报重点,理清现阶段施工地质超前预报工作思路。研究方法：通过对隧道施工地质问题的回顾与地质预报工作现状调查,对主要的几种隧道施工超前地质预报手段及特点进行归纳,从手段和方法上对存在问题进行分析。研究结果：得出了隧道施工超前地质预报的工作重点是灾害性地质的预报,应结合地质理论对工程安全稳定性进行评价后作出,而不仅仅停留在对不良地质体的探测上;提出了地质超前预报纵、横向探测范围的建议值。研究结论：地质预报工作是信息化施工的延伸,预报应考虑施工过程在地质体上的作用,探测技术可尝试对开挖面前方地质体工程特性进行监测与控制等观点;提倡制定地质预报规程,统一作业水平,建立地质预报评价体系,进行多手段、多方法的协同预报思路。