深水海底管道铺设托管架模型试验研究

针对深水铺管船的托管架,运用半实物仿真试验系统进行了研究,设计了比尺为1:20的室内托管架模型试验,运用研发的运动台模拟铺管船运动,通过半实物仿真试验,测试和分析了深水S型托管架在铺设过程中的关键力学行为。     

信号多普勒的仿真模拟与测试方法

提出实验室条件下生成信号多普勒效应的2种方法,一种是基于Matlab环境的仿真重构方法,另一种是基于计算机对接的传输模拟方法。给出了信号多普勒时域和频域的数学表述,在定量分析白噪声信号多普勒容限特性的基础上,对信号仿真模拟进行了测试验证。结果表明,实验室静态测试与理论分析一致,海上动态测试进一步证实了这一结论。     

Analysis of vehicle rollover dynamics using a high-fidelity model

Recent data show that 35% of fatal crashes in sport utility vehicles included vehicle rollover. At the same time, experimental testing to improve safety is expensive and dangerous. Therefore, multi-body simulation is used in this research to improve the understanding of rollover dynamics. The majority of previous work uses low-fidelity models. Here, a complex and highly nonlinear multi-body model with 165 degrees of freedom is correlated to vehicle kinematic and compliance (K&C) measurements. The Magic Formula tyre model is employed. Design of experiment methodology is used to identify tyre properties affecting vehicle rollover. A novel, statistical approach is used to link suspension K&C characteristics with rollover propensity. Research so far reveals that the tyre properties that have the greatest influence on vehicle rollover are friction coefficient, friction variation with load, camber stiffness and tyre vertical stiffness. Key K&C characteristics affecting rollover propensity are front and rear suspension rate, front roll stiffness, front camber gain, front and rear camber compliance and rear jacking force.     

Long-term approach for assessment of sloshing loads in LNG carrier,part II: Grouping method

Assessing the sloshing loads has been a significant issue in designing the cargo containment system (CCS) of a liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC). The sloshing problem contains numerous physical and technical uncertainties. The long-term approach has been suggested to reduce the possible uncertainties, but it has not been a feasible option owing to the incalculable number of experimental cases. Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., Hyundai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Samsung Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Korean Register, and Seoul National University conducted extensive sloshing model tests for the 174 K S-LNGC. To consider the long-term approach, Part I describes the differences between short- and long-term approaches based on the guidelines of different classification societies. To address the significant number of experimental conditions required for the long-term approach, a grouping method is investigated (Part II). Although this grouping method is typically used in practical design, it has not been validated, and its applicability is yet to be determined. In Part II, the sea states are classified using 16 different grouping methods. The long-term exceedance probabilities and pressures are obtained individually and then compared with the results obtained from fully considering all sea states. After performing the general sloshing model test of the shipbuilding industry, the sloshing impact pressure of a liquefied natural gas cargo model is measured via 6DoF irregular simulations, where the upper section of the cargo hold structure is considered. Long-term pressures are locally and globally investigated and compared among 16 different sea states and all the sea states. Based on the results, the best grouping method is suggested for the long-term approach.     

Cyclic bending performance of joint on precast composite hollow RC for submerged floating tunnels

In case of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT), which is difficult to cast in-site underwater construction, it is modularized on land and then assembled them in the field. Therefore, it is influential to investigate the structural performance of the joints between the modules. A concept of the steel-concrete composite hollow in the SFT, which stably maintains the joints, has been proposed by applying prestressing method to resist various external loads. In this study, the bending behavior of module joints was experimentally analyzed to evaluate the safety for the bending deformation that is dominant in SFT. Test results show that there is a difference at the module joint portion in the performance depending on whether or not the inner steel tube is connected. The bending stiffness of the module joints in the SFT was very similar but there was a difference in strength. The maximum strength was increased from 700 kN to 1200 kN when the inner tube was connected, and the residual displacement was increased from 15 mm to 40 mm. As a result, in the design of the module joint, depending on the purpose of SFT, it is possible to consider both methods which is allowing the ductility behavior of internal tube and controlling the tight connection. Moreover, the failure criterion of the bending behavior of the module joint can be selected as the maximum load or deformation limit.     

兰州地下轨道交通围岩热物理参数试验研究

地下轨道交通暖通空调系统的优化设计与地下轨道交通隧道围岩的热物理参数性质密切相关。文章以兰州地下轨道交通原状土样为研究对象,使用Hot Disk热常数分析仪探究了兰州地下轨道交通围岩的热物理性质。研究结果表明:兰州地下轨道交通围岩土样的导热系数随深度的增加而增加,深度13 m处的中砂层导热系数和热扩散系数最大,明显比其它深度处的黄土层和淤泥质土层的导热系数和热扩散系数大,而中砂层体积比热较小;围岩土样的导热系数随含水率增加呈线性增长,体积比热随含水率增加先降低后增高,热扩散系数随含水率增加先升高后缓慢降低。     

超空泡航行体尾部滑行力实验研究

超空泡航行体尾部沾湿滑行水动力对其水下运动特性具有重要影响。本文建立了圆柱后体在空泡内动态摆动滑行力水洞实验方法,开展了圆柱后体静态不同攻角和动态不同摆动角速度滑行水动力测量实验,获得了不同工况下滑行面几何特性和滑行力特性,并基于实验数据提出了滑行升力估算的经验公式。与理论公式比较表明,滑行力随浸没角、浸没深度变化的规律一致,Hassan模型预估值比实验值大,Paryshev模型预估值比Hassan模型更大些。     

‘Only work and sleep’: seafarers’ perceptions of job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and their effects on work and life on board

Previous research on job demands in seafaring has focused on the effects of workload and circadian disturbance on seafarers’ health and fatigue. Taking a more comprehensive approach, this study identifies job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and explores their effects on work and life on board. Data came from 54 interviews with officers and crew on five cargo ships. Findings revealed job demands related to characteristics of the schedule, ports, and sea voyages; these were not only associated with workload and circadian disturbance, but also with the difficulty of the work, the ability to plan ahead, and intrusions from third parties. Job demands affected outcomes through two interconnected processes. First, job demands had direct and indirect effects on fatigue and the working climate on board. Second, potential positive effects of job demands (i.e. interesting work and pay) were related to motivation and, together with a good working climate, could reduce turnover. Connecting the two processes, a good working climate was pivotal in counteracting negative emotions and supporting motivation and collaboration. In this way, it functioned as a key resource. External constraints could either buffer or reinforce these effects.     

CFRP束体外预应力桥梁动力特性研究

对国内首座CFRP束体外预应力公路桥梁进行荷载试验。试验结果表明何圩桥前2阶自振频率实测值与理论值接近。CFRP束体外预应力桥梁的冲击系数随加载车辆行驶速度的增加而增大。实测冲击系数小于规范中规定值,桥面的平整度较好且具有较好的行车性能。试验进一步证明了体外预应力桥梁设计方法和相关设计参数取值的合理性,对于完善CFRP束体外预应力桥梁的设计方法和积累体外预应力桥荷载试验经验具有重要意义。作为试验桥,何圩桥可为CFRP束用做桥梁体外预应力提供参考。     

我国摩托车标准体系的研究

摩托车标准体系不仅应包括近期计划制定的标准,还需包括远期制定标准的设想,尤其新能源摩托车、安全和操纵控制、电子技术、发动机可变技术和液冷技术以及对在用车控制等方面的内容.