The influence of travel time variability on the value of time

Current benefits from travel time savings have only been related to the benefits from reducing mean travel time. Some previous attempts of including variability in the generalised cost function have mainly assumed commuters with fixed arrival time. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for valuing travel time variability that allows for any journey purpose and arrival time constraint. The proposed model is based on the expected utility approach and the mean-standard deviation approach. Stated Preference methods are considered the best technique for providing the data for calibrating the models. The values of time derived from the models are highly influenced by the value of travel time variability and it strongly depends on the probability distribution function travellers are faced with.     

废食用油代用燃料在柴油机上的试验研究

食用植物油是一种很有前途的代用燃料,它是利用植物的光合作用不断更新生产的一种能源。通过用废食用油制得的柴油机代用燃料,在小型高速柴油机上与0号柴油做了性能对比试验。试验结果表明,与燃用柴油相比,用废食用油作为代用燃料输出功率几乎相同(仅低2%),燃油消耗增加了6%~12%,排气温度降低了20℃,所排出的CO2降低了10%~15%,CO降低了10%~18%,HC降低了47%。     

国外 UUV拖曳声呐试验情况分析

本文描述了 SLITA和微型 SLITA接收声信号试验和噪声分析过程及结果,并绘制接收声信号模块图。同时,描述了 TOSSA收发声信号试验及分析过程和结果,并绘制发射声信号模块图和建立声信号单程传输基本模型。     

镁合金方向盘疲劳试验的计算机模拟

通过利用有限元技术对镁合金方向盘疲劳试验的主要过程加以模拟,分析产品的几种主要受力状态。作为模拟分析的重要技术,CAE可以进行高效、快速的分析,便于对试验结果做出预先判定、优化产品设计。     

车载接触网运行状态检测装置系统设计及应用

接触网作为电气化铁路牵引供电的关键设备,其状态好坏直接影响铁路运行安全。为了在运营动车组上装备一套接触网运行状态检测装置对接触网运行状态进行全程监控,从系统的设计要求、设计原则、设计方案着手,引入非接触式的图像处理、机器视觉以及红外测温关键技术,完成装置的系统设计,同时通过静态和动态试验验证装置的性能。试验和现场的实际应用反馈表明,装置满足技术条件要求,同时装置对接触网的检测结果能够为接触网检修提供依据。     

加筋球冠结构在静动载荷作用下的动响应分析

借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,分析加筋球面艏端隔壁在静动载荷作用下的动响应,求得了静动载荷作用下的球面艏端隔壁结构的动力响应;分析潜艇发射雷弹时发射管的转角变形,给出了潜艇发射雷弹时发射管转角变形的规律。分析时选用顺序求解法,即借助ANSYS对艏端隔壁结构进行静力分析,将其结果作为艏端隔壁结构动力作用下的初始条件,然后再借助LS-DYNA进行艏端隔壁结构的动力响应分析。通过大量的数值实验,并结合理论分析,最终给出了潜艇发射雷弹时发射管的转角变形规律。     

Model-scale experiments of symmetric ship collisions

This study was initiated due to the lack of experimental data on ship collisions. The feasibility of model-scale ship collision experiments was examined and a series of model-scale ship collision experiments is presented. The theoretical background for the analysis of experiments is given together with the principles of scaling. Proper scaling should assure physical similarity to the large-scale experiments conducted in the Netherlands. The Froude scaling law was followed, resulting in the improper scaling of some forces: the effects of this are discussed. The study concentrates on the dynamics of collisions. The structural response, properly scaled from the large-scale experiments, was modelled using polyurethane foam as the ship’s side structure. The collision process was analysed and the results of model-scale tests, large-scale experiments, and a simple analytical model were compared, showing that there was both quantitative and qualitative agreement in the results of the experiments conducted at different scales. The analytical model yielded good quantitative assessment of the deformation energy.     

On the handling performance of a vehicle with different front-to-rear wheel torque distributions

ABSTRACT

The handling characteristic is a classical topic of vehicle dynamics. Usually, vehicle handling is studied by analyzing the understeer coefficient in quasi-steady-state maneuvers. In this paper, experimental tests are performed on an electric vehicle with four independent motors, which is able to reproduce front-wheel-drive, rear-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive (FWD, RWD and AWD, respectively) architectures. The handling characteristics of each architecture are inferred through classical and new concepts. The study presents a procedure to compute the longitudinal and lateral tire forces, which is based on a first estimate and a subsequent correction of the tire forces that guarantee the equilibrium. A yaw moment analysis is performed to identify the contributions of the longitudinal and lateral forces. The results show a good agreement between the classical and new formulations of the understeer coefficient, and allow to infer a relationship between the understeer coefficient and the yaw moment analysis. The handling characteristics vary with speed and front-to-rear wheel torque distribution. An apparently surprising result arises at low speed: the RWD architecture is the most understeering configuration. This is discussed by analyzing the yaw moment caused by the longitudinal forces of the front tires, which is significant for high values of lateral acceleration and steering angle.     

Using data assimilation in laboratory experiments of geophysical flows

Data assimilation is used in numerical simulations of laboratory experiments in a stratified, rotating fluid. The experiments are performed on the large Coriolis turntable (Grenoble, France), which achieves a high degree of similarity with the ocean, and the simulations are performed with a two-layer shallow water model, using the SEEK method for data assimilation. Since the flow is measured with a high level of precision and resolution, a detailed analysis of a forecasting system is feasible. The procedure is tested for the baroclinic instability of a two-layer vortex. It is shown that the method of data assimilation properly captures the details of the initial flow perturbation. Then it is shown by sensitivity studies that an error of the model, attributed to small non-hydrostatic effects, can be distinguished from the error growth associated with the intrinsic instability of the system. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the velocity field in the lower layer can be well controlled by data assimilation limited to the top layer.     

纤维沥青碎石封层配合比设计研究

通过分析提出适用于纤维沥青碎石封层材料的性能技术指标,并通过室内清扫试验,得出纤维沥青碎石封层的最佳配合比,即碎石用量为8m3/1000m2,乳化沥青用量为2.0kg/m2,纤维用量为60g/m2。在该配合比下,脱石率最小。