Residual stresses at a longitudinal stiffener — Web frame intersection and their effects on crack growth

Stress coining at geometrical discontinuities may introduce compressive residual stresses which will lower the propagation of surface cracks and thus increase the fatigue life. In a non-linear finite element analysis, the residual stresses after welding of a transverse web-frame to a ship hull plating is first estimated. Stress coining of one corner of a longitudinal cut-out in a transverse web-frame is then simulated in detail. The calculated residual compressive tangential stresses in the corner of the cut-out is seen to lower the propagation of edge cracks. Experiments performed on web-frames taken from a shipyard after manufacturing show indeed that large tensile residual stresses exist in the web-frame after welding. Stress coining is therefore believed to have a beneficial effect on the fatigue life.     

耐大气腐蚀钢09CuPCrNi板材机械性能的试验研究

本文对耐大气腐蚀钢09CuPCrNi板材的机械性能进行了试验研究,测定了其弹性模量E值,屈服极限σ_5、强度极限σ_b、延伸率δ和断面收缩率,分析了拉伸图的特点,确定了拉伸变形的硬化指数n值和板材的塑性应变比r值,并与A_3钢板材性能做了比较     

重庆门坎滩水电站泄流能力及消能结构试验研究

针对门坎滩水电站设计方案的泄流能力和消能效果等方面进行了模型试验,结果表明原设计方案存在溢流坝泄流过于集中以及消能效果差、容易形成坝下冲刷等问题。通过采用宽尾墩结构和修改消力池及闸孔边墩布置方式对原方案进行优化设计,其模型试验结果分析表明,优化方案泄洪能力、消能效果均满足工程要求。     

开放式物理实验教学的探索与实践

介绍了湖北汽车工业学院在物理实验教学内容、教学方式、教学手段等方面进行的探索与实践,总结了开放式物理实验教学所取得的成效和存在的问题。     

基于试验设计与PSI决策相结合的白车身前端结构轻量化设计

为提高白车身轻量化设计效率,提出了一种试验设计与PSI决策相结合的轻量化设计策略.首先对白车身基本静-动态性能和正撞安全性能进行有限元分析,并通过车辆正撞试验验证有限元模型的准确性.然后采用贡献度分析对白车身前端结构进行设计变量筛选.接着通过试验设计获得白车身前端结构轻量化备选解.最后采用PSI法对众多备选解进行多目标...     

Experimental uncertainty of a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal in a port

This paper presents the uncertainty modelling of experimental results for a physical model of a tanker moored to a terminal inside a port. The physical model was built for an oil terminal at the port of Leixões in Portugal. The model incorporates the new modified port layout, as well as a future 300 m extension of the port outer north breakwater to enhance operational conditions. The physical model tests were performed on a scale of 1:80 in the Portuguese Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC). A generic mooring system of four mooring lines and two fenders is simulated using a nonlinear spring system. Decay tests are carried out to evaluate the natural periods of the moored model. Then, tests are carried out for the moored model in waves. The major aim of the experimental study is to obtain novel results for the wave elevation and direction at various locations inside the port, the ship motions at six degrees of freedom, and loads on mooring lines and fenders including the modified port layout. As the physical model measurements are subjected to different types of uncertainties, a systematic uncertainty analysis is carried out here, following ITTC guidelines and recommendations, to quantify all possible sources of uncertainties. The results are discussed, and several conclusions are reached. Based on the experimental results, the presented physical model study may replicate the results for waves and motions with uncertainties less than 9% of the significant amplitudes. The assessment of the applied nonlinear spring model reveals load predictions on the moorings, with uncertainties less than 4% of the maximum mooring loads.     

限制水域船舶纵向下水的动力学分析

为了对限制水域内船舶纵向下水运动进行完整而准确的预报,考虑兴波阻力、粘性阻力、锚链力、钢缆力、水流力、横向侧推力的动力效应以及不对称水域等因素对下水运动的影响,针对下水各阶段建立了船体运动模型,提出了一种较为完善的限制水域内下水运动理论计算方法.采用该方法对一艘45000吨化学品/成品油轮的下水运动进行了预报,并与实船下水测试结果进行了比较分析.结果表明,此方法可以较好地模拟船舶下水运动,为分析和判断船舶下水的安全性提供了依据.     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

重载铁路桥梁提速作用下动力性能试验研究

重载铁路提速可以显著提高铁路运量和经济效益,但是提速后可能会使桥梁冲击振动加剧,振幅加大,给桥梁结构带来不利影响,严重危及铁路行车安全。以朔黄铁路南运河特大桥为研究对象,通过有限元仿真分析结合现场动力性能试验,研究列车在提速作用下对桥梁结构动力性能的影响。结果表明：桥跨结构横向加速度值与列车轴重有关,横向振幅和横向加速度随速度增大而增大的趋势不显著,且实测结果表明该桥动力性能参数与理论分析规律吻合,验证了本文的仿真计算与荷载试验相结合的方法是可行的。     

船舶舱室色彩搭配对船员工效影响研究

为了研究船舶舱室色彩对船员工效的影响,测试了六种不同舱室色彩环境下人员的视觉工效、认知工效和行为工效等数据,分析了人员工效指标随不同舱室色彩环境的变化。利用TOPSIS法和聚类分析二种方法综合评价了不同舱室色彩环境对工效的影响,依据工效指标给出了六种实验色彩的优化排序。