高速公路隧道交通事故规律研究

目前我国高速公路隧道内时常发生交通事故,为研究其特点和规律,收集2 193起高速公路隧道交通事故资料,对这些资料数据进行统计,分析隧道中交通事故的时间和空间分布特征、事故形态、事故车型以及发生原因。结果表明:一天中的9:00~10:00、11:00~12:00、13:00~15:00是交通事故的频发时段,周末发生的交通事故数约占总数的40%,1、2、4、5、7月易发生交通事故;追尾和碰撞隧道壁是隧道交通事故的主要形态;违章超速和天气变化是导致事故发生的主要原因;交通事故的车型主要为底盘较轻的轿车和重型货车。     

地铁出入口与周边物业结合的同步设计技术

为了方便乘客使用和提升地铁沿线土地价值,促进地铁建设与城市发展的融合,最大限度地发挥地铁的社会效益和经济效益,地铁出入口与周边物业结合的建设案例越来越多。通过对该类出入口进行分类总结,根据是否同步建设,对其进行细部分类,结合实践经验对该类出入口与物业结合的同步设计方法进行系统研究;着重分析出入口与商业办公等公共建筑同步结合设计的方法,讨论如何处理车站与物业的衔接关系,使该类出入口更好地满足城市景观、用地、消防疏散、安全管理等多方面要求。     

城市地下道路分(合)流匝道通风阻力特性

为分析多点进出结构的城市地下道路空气流动特性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为原型,通过现场实测、缩尺模型试验以及CFD软件数值模拟方法,对分(合)匝道通风阻力特性进行了研究,考察了雷诺数、风量比、分岔角度对分(合)流匝道阻力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:1)主隧道与匝道风量比、主隧道与匝道夹角是影响分(合)流匝道局部阻力系数的关键因素;2)城市地下道路分(合)流匝道局部阻力变化特性,不宜简单套用通风管道的三通构件的参数;3)结合最小二乘法和Matlab软件对计算结果进行多因素回归分析,给出了基于长沙营盘路湘江隧道的分(合)流匝道主隧道和匝道的局部阻力系数关联式。研究结果可为复杂结构城市地下道路通风系统阻力特性分析及通风工程优化设计提供方法参考。     

广东山区高速公路挖方边坡常见病害及防治策略

广东省山区高速公路发展迅速,但诸多挖方边坡在修建过程中就产生了不同程度的病害。这些病害产生的原因包括气候、地质条件和人为因素,给施工工期、造价及安全管理造成较大影响。鉴于塌方病害在广东地区山区高速公路挖方边坡中较为常见,根据破坏方式及影响范围的深度将其划分为浅层溜塌、浅层滑塌和深层滑塌(滑坡)。结合工程建设经验,提出了山区路堑边坡的防治策略,可为类似工程的设计、施工提供借鉴。     

基于Breakdown概率模型的快速路匝道与公交专用道协调控制研究

延误是评价快速路协调控制方案的常用指标,然而由于交通流骤降(Breakdown)现象发生导致的车辆运行速度突变,使得基于延误指标的控制方案评价具有较大的不确定性.因此,引入Breakdown概率作为评价指标,并将其与延误指标进行结合形成综合性评价指标以解决该问题.本文以匝道控制和公交专用道设置作为协调手段设计4个协调控制方案,分别利用改进后的Breakdown概率模型及Integration仿真软件对4个方案进行基于Breakdown概率指标和延误指标的评价,进而结合2种指标形成综合指标对方案进行评价,并对以上3种指标的评价结果进行对比分析.分析结果表明,Breakdown概率指标与延误指标的评价结果具有不一致性,即该指标可对拥堵形成过程中的协调方案进行合理评价,而Breakdown概率指标与综合指标评价结果具有一致性.同时Breakdown概率指标可定量评价协调手段对Breakdown概率的影响,采取匝道控制会使得Breakdown发生概率下降约7%,而设置公交专用道则会使得Breakdown发生概率上升约12%.综合评价指标平衡了Breakdown概率指标与延误指标间的评价结果分歧,能够对控制方案进行综合性的评价.     

Development of analytical procedure for selection of control measures to reduce congestions at various freeway bottlenecks

Variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM) affect freeway traffic operations in different ways and, accordingly, result in different effects on system travel time. The primary objective of this study is to propose an analytical procedure to help determine which control measure should be selected given different freeway bottlenecks and traffic conditions. The bottlenecks considered included an isolated merge bottleneck, a merge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream off-ramp, and a diverge bottleneck with a closely spaced upstream on-ramp. Two RM and a VSL control strategies were considered, including the ALINEA, ALINEA/Q and feedback based VSL. The maximum achievable improvements in system efficiency by various control measures were calculated and the results were tested using modified cell transmission models. A coordinated control strategy that combined ALINEA/Q and VSL control was also proposed. The effects of VSL and RM control on system travel time at different freeway bottleneck areas were compared to identify the applicable conditions of different control measures. The analytical procedure was proposed for the selection of control measures at different bottlenecks and the ex-ante estimation of control effects were also discussed.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

开阳高速公路Superpave设计与施工

Superpave是一种新型沥青混合料设计方法 ,其混合料具有良好的高温稳定性和抗水害能力。本文介绍了广东开阳高速公路 Superpave配合比设计、施工工艺及质量控制等 ,供其他公路建设工程参考。     

潭邵高速公路沥青混凝土路面结构和材料组成设计

全面介绍了潭邵高速公路沥青混凝土路面结构组合设计与材料组成设计，根据潭邵高速公路的实际情况提出了原材料技术要求，沥青混合料技术指标及混合料配合比设计。     

高速公路加筋挡土墙应用技术研究

谭邵高速公路的多处加筋挡土墙工程，实现了该项技术在湖南省高速公路建设中的首次应用。结合加筋挡土墙工程介绍了加筋挡土墙的结构特点、作用机理、施工过程及要求，提出了加筋挡土墙施工过程中的质量监控手段。