CZM in California: Successes and Challenges Ahead

California has a forty-year history of successful coastal zone management. The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, the California Coastal Commission, and the State Coastal Conservancy have protected and made accessible hundreds of miles of shoreline. While each agency has played a critical role, this article focuses on the Coastal Commission. Implementing the California Coastal Act, the Coastal Commission has partnered with local government, other agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the public to concentrate new development in already developed areas, and much of the rural coastal zone looks as it did in 1972. The Commission has protected and expanded public shoreline access through its regulatory actions. Using strong ecological science the Commission has protected a wide variety of sensitive habitats and wetlands. And under the authority of the Coastal Zone Management Act, the Commission has reviewed thousands of federal projects to assure that they are consistent with the Coastal Act. Challenges continue, though, including population growth, sea-level rise, and inadequate funding to update local coastal land use plans to address new issues, such as climate change adaptation. New investment is needed at the national, state, and local level to continue the success of the California program.     

Democratization of Coastal Zone Decision Making for Indigenous Australians: Insights from Stakeholder Analysis

Community participation has become something of an orthodoxy within natural resource management. In the absence of an explicit strategy for democratization and capacity-building the notion of community participation is potentially meaningless and its application likely to mask decisions made in the interests of elite groups. This article examines the shortcomings of participatory processes in coastal resource management and seeks to identify and overcome constraints to democratization and capacity-building for Indigenous Australians. Using two coastal catchments in Central Queensland as a case study, we explore relations of power among stakeholders using Stakeholder Analysis to provide a platform for more effective deliberative participation by this group of stakeholders. Discussion of the specific barriers to participation identified by Aboriginal stakeholders will demonstrate the need to adopt notions of capacity-building that focus not only on the attributes of the individual stakeholder that might facilitate their participation, but on the characteristics also of the decision-making environment.     

上海市高速公路高架系统功能与建设模式探讨

上海市高速公路存在四方面问题:地面路堤形式阻隔两侧地块横向联系;承担客货、省域市域等多种功能交通拥堵严重;进出立交节点匮乏为周边城市化地区服务功能差;影响区域路网完善。认为高速公路建设高架系统具备如下交通功能:打通横向道路、缝合城市空间,分离交通功能、缓解交通拥堵,优化节点布置、方便沿线地区对外出行,构筑复合通道、完善区域路网。给出了不同城市化水平下横向道路合理的间距要求以及适合的主线抬升方案,提出了高架高速主线+地面干路辅道、高架客运高速+地面客货高速、拓宽段高架+老路地面、地面局部高架+单侧地面辅道等4种高架系统的建设模式及其适用条件,给出了应用案例。能够较好地甄别高速公路高架化的功能需求及其相应的建设模式,为特大城市高速公路高架化改造提供借鉴。     

论高速公路绿化的景观协同性

本文运用系统论及协同学的基本观点论述了高速公路绿化景观系统的组成、结构特性及其协同性 ,对于丰富公路美学的科学内涵具有重要的价值 .     

Island Villagers’ Willingness to Work or Pay for Sustainability of a Marine Fishery Reserve: Case of San Miguel Island,Philippines

Establishment of marine reserves or marine protected areas (MPAs) has emerged as a major coastal resource management tool in the Philippines. A major sustainability constraint is the enforcement of MPA and fisheries regulations. We contribute to the literature of using stated preference methods to investigate the local residents’ willingness to work (WTW) and willingness to pay (WTP) for the continued existence of the San Miguel Island (SMI) fishery reserve in Bicol Region, Philippines. We surveyed 435 respondents in three villages. The lower-bound mean WTW is 3.5 days/mo for residents in the “owner” village and 1.9 days/mo for residents in adjacent villages. Using a fraction of mean daily income to impute the monetary equivalent of WTW, the result is more than 3 times higher than the Php16 to 25/mo (US$0.34 to 0.75/mo) estimated mean WTP. We hypothesize that labor market in this rural village is incomplete so residents have stronger preference for money than for time. However, further investigation on the opportunity cost of time and understanding the labor market is warranted when using WTW in a valuation framework. Some policy implications are: (1) considering use of voluntary labor as management option for MPAs and (2) establishing “own village” MPAs may increase residents’ conservation value.     

喀什经济开发区综合交通规划中交通需求预测

喀什地区位于中国的西大门，与5个国家接壤，有6个国家一类口岸对外开放，区域优势明显．对喀什经济开发区交通需求的科学研究是促进该研究区域交通运输事业规范而高速发展的关键．本文采取时间序列预测法、弹性系数法、综合评价法等方法，系统全面地对该区域交通需求预测进行了分析，为该区域综合交通规划与建设奠定了基础．     

浙东地区公路隧道调光参数影响因素实测分析与调光控制探讨

为掌握公路隧道调光参数的变化特征,更好地解决调光控制与隧道照明需求匹配的问题,采用改进的环境简图法结合环形线圈车检器同步获取浙东沿海丘陵地区6条公路隧道的长序列洞外亮度L20(S)和交通流数据。实测结果表明： 1）对浙东地区,公路隧道春、夏、秋、冬季的L20(S)峰值比例约为0.95∶1∶0.95∶0.85,晴天、云天、阴天、重阴天的L20(S)比例约为1∶0.6∶0.18∶0.11; 2）L20(S)是影响浙东地区公路隧道照明需求的主要因素,其对调光控制节能的贡献超过95%,交通流对隧道照明需求的影响较为有限; 3）隧道越短,调光控制所取得的节能效果越显著,短隧道采用无级调光,照明能耗可降低50%以上。     

明挖公路隧道基坑钢支撑轴力监测与数值模拟分析

为研究深基坑开挖过程中钢支撑轴力的变化情况,以沈阳市南北快速干线隧道深17.8 m基坑工程支护体系中横向钢支撑为研究对象,对基坑开挖过程中的轴力变化值进行现场实时监测,并采用有限元软件MIDAS/GTS对不同工况下的钢支撑轴力进行模拟研究,得出各道钢支撑的轴力云图及变化规律。结果表明： 1）随着基坑开挖深度的增加,坑壁主动土压力逐渐增大,使得每道钢支撑轴力在短期内均呈线性增长趋势; 2）同一断面钢支撑全部架设完成后轴力有所衰减,其原因之一是连续墙后的土体发生了流变现象,使得土体应力重新分配并达到新的平衡。     

天然气燃料动力机舱防爆区域划分及安全措施研究

由于天然气的高危易燃特点,对天然气燃料动力的新型船舶在防爆布置方面提出更为严格的要求,结合船级社规范,分别就本安型和ESD型两种双燃料机舱及主机结构特点,分析讨论了燃料供应系统在内的机舱及主机防爆安全级别和区域划分等问题,对双燃料机舱在电气设备选型设计和其他的防爆措施提出了建议,以实现天然气燃料机舱完整的防爆设计理念。     

港区道路重载条件下路基工作区深度的计算研究

本文简单介绍了路基工作区的概念及确定标准;结合天津港地区的交通特点和地质条件,分别计算分析了天津港港区典型路面结构在标准轴载下及重载交通作用下的路基工作深度的影响机理和变化规律,提出天津港地区重载条件下路基工作区深度为2.0~2.3 m;同时,对该地区的路基提出相应处理方案,以更好的指导类似工程的设计。