中外航海资料使用需注意的几个问题

中、外航海资料在某些方面有不同的规定,使用中需要特别注意.从灯标能见距,航海通告、浮标制度和气象传真图的接收等4个方面,分析了中、外之间的区别,提出了相应的注意事项.     

Impact of Everyday Weather on Individual Daily Travel Behaviours in Perspective: A Literature Review

Despite the hundreds of billions of dollars being spent on infrastructure development -- from roads, rail and airports to energy extraction and power networks to the Internet -- surprisingly little reliable knowledge exists about the performance of these investments in terms of actual costs, benefits and risks. This paper presents results from the first statistically significant study of cost performance in transport infrastructure projects. The sample used is the largest of its kind, covering 258 projects in 20 nations worth approximately US$90 billion (constant 1995 prices). The paper shows with overwhelming statistical significance that in terms of costs transport infrastructure projects do not perform as promised. The conclusion is tested for different project types, different geographical regions and different historical periods. Substantial cost escalation is the rule rather than the exception. For rail, average cost escalation is 45% (SD=38), for fixed links (tunnels and bridges) it is 34% (62) and for roads 20% (30). Cost escalation appears a global phenomenon, existing across 20 nations on five continents. Cost estimates have not improved and cost escalation not decreased over the past 70 years. Cost estimates used in decision-making for transport infrastructure development are highly, systematically and significantly misleading. Large cost escalations combined with large standard deviations translate into large financial risks. However, such risks are typically ignored or underplayed in decision-making, to the detriment of social and economic welfare.     

雾天高速公路安全车速分析

针对高速公路雾天低能见度及路面附着系数减小的情况,进行安全车速研究。根据跟车状态下停车过程及标志视认相关方法,分别进行基于停车视距模型（包括AASHT0停车视距模型和NCHRP停车视距模型）和基于交通标志认知距离的安全车速计算。以湖北黄黄高速公路为例,综合3种模型条件下安全车速,最终得出雾天气候下的交通管理措施。     

大雾天气高速公路交通管制及预防措施

大雾天气导致高速公路交通事故的发生率是极高的,而且易发生恶性交通事故,这给高速公路行车安全构成了极大的威胁,给社会带来了严重的影响和灾害。因此做好大雾天气高速公路行车的安全工作,除驾驶员应该遵守法规、掌握必要的技能外,如何进行交通管理和必要的预防措施也显得非常重要和迫切。     

不良天气对交通信号配时的影响分析

天气条件是道路交通运营的重要影响因素之一.从理论上分析不良天气对信号配时的影响,然后运用SYNCHR0和SIMTRAFFIC仿真软件,对正常和不良天气两种条件下的交叉口信号配时进行配时优化和微观交通仿真,研究表明:不良天气对交叉口信号配时的绩效将产生明显的负面影响,针对不良天气专门制定的配时优化方案将改善交通状况、减少延误和提高车速,但是改善程度还与许多因素有关.     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.     

空天车地一体化技术在列车群车联网中的应用框架研究

通过研究物联网技术、车联网技术及空天车地一体化网络的理论和应用现状,分析列车群车联网系统构建需求,搭建基于空天车地一体化列车群车联网系统总体框架;分别建立艇载、机载、车载、区域监测和地面中心监测节点和网关,阐述系统的通信结构;提出基于空天车地一体化的列车群车联网系统物理架构设计及信息传输等关键问题。为进一步研究服务于列车群监测和通信的空天车地一体化网络的理论和应用研究起到指导和启发作用。     

热天施工大体积混凝土防裂措施

文章阐述了热天大体积混凝土施工过程中,为防止混凝土裂缝的产生,采取了一系列相应的防裂措施,达到了预期的效果。     

船舶气象导航随船验证

横渡太平洋往返两个笈欠的随船调查研究表明，采用气象导航对减少燃油消耗和保证船舶安全、班期等，不但有一定的经济效益，而且是一种非常有效的航运管理方法。     

基于多尺度核独立元分析与核极限学习机的柴油机故障诊断

为提高柴油机故障诊断速度和精度,提出了基于改进多尺度核独立元分析与量子粒子群优化核极限学习机的故障诊断方法。首先利用固有时间尺度分解对缸盖振动信号进行多尺度时频分解,并根据故障敏感度参数筛选有效分量以实现振动冲击特征增强;然后利用核独立元分析消除有效分量间的频带混叠,分离故障敏感频带,并提取各频带的AR模型参数、多尺度模糊熵和标准化能量矩构造联合故障特征向量;最后建立基于量子粒子群优化的核极限学习分类器实现柴油机故障诊断。试验结果表明,该方法有效增强了缸盖振动信号中的故障敏感特征,提高了柴油机故障诊断速度和精度,故障分类准确率达到98.45%。