复杂地质条件下TBM刀具失效形式及原因分析与应对措施

为研究分析复杂地质条件、不合理掘进参数等与TBM刀具异常损坏、刀具消耗的关系，以利于TBM掘进效率和施工成本的控制，在系统阐述TBM刀具常见失效形式的基础上，研究分析总推力、刀盘转速、刀具贯入度等掘进参数及不同围岩单轴抗压强度、石英质量分数等地质参数对刀具磨损及异常损坏的影响规律。以引汉济渭秦岭隧洞和中天山隧道工程为例，对刀具消耗及失效形式进行统计分析，并从刀具选型、检查及维修等方面，提出针对性的优化方法。最后，基于目前刀具配置及监测技术存在不足的现状，提出应进一步研发刀间距可调的刀具配置技术，以确保不同地质条件下的刀具破岩效率；同时，加强对TBM工作环境具有较强适应性的新型刀具状态监测系统的研发及应用。     

公路大桥上部箱梁滑移模架施工

介绍了滨州徒骇河大桥上部连续箱梁滑移模架施工,结合工程实际阐述了移动支撑系统的功能、原理、工艺流程及施工过程中控制要点。     

汽车检测与维修技术专业学生自主学习的研究与分析 ——以北京学校为例

基于工作过程以能力培养为主是北京汽修专业新的一轮教学改革目标。通过将传统教学与企业实践工作相融合,提倡行为导向,鼓励学生进行自主学习。但是在教学改革的过程中也暴露出学生自主学习能力不足,需要开展学生自主学习能力培养,需要增强学生主体地位,激发学习兴趣;需要推行探究式学习改进学习模式;需要改进教学方法加强学校软硬件建设。     

沥青拌和站的故障成因与防治措施

阐述沥青拌和站的主要构成、工作原理,并结合实际对沥青拌和站的故障产生的原因进行深入分析,并提出相应的防治措施,可为同类工程提供一定的参考。     

Using survival models to estimate bus travel times and associated uncertainties

Transit agencies often provide travelers with point estimates of bus travel times to downstream stops to improve the perceived reliability of bus transit systems. Prediction models that can estimate both point estimates and the level of uncertainty associated with these estimates (e.g., travel time variance) might help to further improve reliability by tempering user expectations. In this paper, accelerated failure time survival models are proposed to provide such simultaneous predictions. Data from a headway-based bus route serving the Pennsylvania State University-University Park campus were used to estimate bus travel times using the proposed survival model and traditional linear regression frameworks for comparison. Overall, the accuracy of point estimates from the two approaches, measured using the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs), was similar. This suggests that both methods predict travel times equally well. However, the survival models were found to more accurately describe the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Furthermore, survival model estimates were found to have smaller uncertainties on average, especially when predicted travel times were small. Tests for transferability over time suggested that the models did not over-fit the dataset and validated the predictive ability of models established with historical data. Overall, the survival model approach appears to be a promising method to predict both expected bus travel times and the uncertainty associated with these travel times.     

城市轨道交通行车配线冗余设计研究

结合配线设置原则与依据、典型城市已运营线路配线布置和故障情况,从辅助配线布置形式、救援方式等角度分析配线设置与故障发生的关系并反思配线设计的不足,提出后续线路配线设计中应坚持运营功能为主的原则,并给出提高配线冗余设计的相关建议。     

基于层次分析法的互通式立体交叉方案优化

互通式立交起着交通枢纽的作用，运用层次分析法，建立多级递阶结构模型，将复杂的决策过程层次化、数量化，解决多目标、多层次、多准则的决策问题，非常适合互通立交方案的优化。     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Walking-distance introduced queueing model for pedestrian queueing system: Theoretical analysis and experimental verification

We have introduced the effect of delay in walking from the head of a queue to the service windows in the queueing model and obtain a suitable type of queueing system under various conditions by both computational simulation and theoretical analysis. When there are multiple service windows, the queueing theory indicates that mean waiting time in a fork-type queueing system (Fork), which collects pedestrians into a single queue, is smaller than that in a parallel-type queueing system (Parallel), i.e., queues for each service window. However, in our walking-distance introduced queueing model, we have examined that mean waiting time in Parallel becomes smaller when both the arrival probability of pedestrians and the effect of walking distance are large. Moreover, enhanced Forks, which shorten waiting time by reducing the effect of walking distance, are considered, and parts of our results are also verified by real queueing experiments.     

桩体模量对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基破坏影响研究

针对目前水泥土搅拌桩复合地基整体稳定性研究主要基于假定全部桩体发生剪切或者弯曲破坏的不足，采用有限差分法，对不同位置处桩体的受力特性，破坏模式以及复合地基整体破坏过程的开展方向进行研究，在此基础上，分析桩体弹性模量对桩体受力、破坏模式和破坏顺序的影响。结果表明：水泥土搅拌桩复合地基在路堤荷载作用下，会同时发生弯曲与剪切2种破坏模式，并且水泥土搅拌桩受力在空间分布上具有很大的不同；路堤荷载作用下，桩体的破坏具有渐进性，坡肩以外桩体更易发生弯曲破坏，破坏方向由坡脚首先发生，并向路堤中心逐渐延伸，而路堤内侧桩体更容易发生剪切破坏，破坏方向由路堤中心向坡脚延伸；随着桩体弹性模量的增加，桩体会由剪切破坏转变为弯曲破坏；低模量水泥土搅拌桩复合地基会首先发生内部剪切破坏，之后坡脚处发生弯曲破坏；高模量水泥土搅拌桩复合地基会先于坡脚处发生弯曲破坏，随后在路堤中心发生剪切破坏；桩体弹性模量的提高会增加桩体抗弯刚度，使其承担更大的弯矩，更容易发生弯曲破坏。