Remaining fatigue life assessment of corroded mooring chains using crack growth modelling

Failures caused by the combined actions of fatigue, corrosion and wear are important safety concerns for mooring chains used on floating structures in the oil and gas industry. Prediction of remaining corrosion fatigue life based on surface condition could therefore be a useful tool for the continued safe operation of corroded chains. This paper investigates the use of crack growth modelling for estimating the remaining corrosion fatigue life of mooring chains that exhibit significant pitting corrosion damage. A crack growth modelling approach is used to produce remaining fatigue life estimates for a selection of severely pitted mooring chains. Using fatigue crack growth rate test results for grade R4 high strength mooring chain steel, empirical crack growth laws are presented for free corrosion and cathodic protection conditions at load ratio R = 0.1. Two different methods for establishing equivalent cracks from surface scans of corrosion damage are presented. The mooring chains are proof loaded as part of their manufacturing process. Residual stresses introduced during this process have therefore been determined by finite element analysis and accounted for in the fatigue crack growth predictions. One of the equivalent crack models, accounting for the single dominant corrosion pit, provided quite accurate fatigue life predictions when compared with full scale test results.     

齿轮用8822H钢接触疲劳特性试验研究

对材料8822H钢进行了接触疲劳试验,通过失效判据判定材料失效寿命,从而得出试验点数据,再根据试验数据拟合出8822H钢接触疲劳P-S-N曲线。根据试验试样的失效形式,从疲劳剥落坑形貌及剥落坑深度2个方面对8822H材料的接触疲劳失效进行了分析,为齿轮的抗疲劳设计提供了依据。     

Flexural fatigue behavior of butt-welded circular concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST)：Experimental study and numerical modeling

Detailed understandings on the fatigue behavior of the concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDSTs) under multiaxial stress states are essential to promote their applications in marine structures. A systematical investigation consisting both the experimental study and the according numerical modeling has been conducted. Physical tests were carried out to investigate the flexural fatigue behavior of the butt-welded hollow steel tubes (HSTs), concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) and CFDSTs, in which the development of fatigue cracks and the fatigue life were captured. The feasibility of applying the existing S–N curves originally obtained from the HSTs to the constitutive steel tubes within the CFDSTs has been consequently verified. A two-stages simulation method was developed to analyze the full range development of fatigue cracks based on both the damage mechanics and the extended finite element method (XFEM). The influence of the multiaxial stress states on the fatigue behavior for the constitutive steel tubes was studied quantitatively, considering the offshore application scenarios where the steel tubes within the CFDSTs were subjected to larger external hydrostatic pressure or internal transmitted content pressure. The results show that the existence of the infilled concrete can effectively improve the fatigue behavior of the steel tubes. The life prediction models for both the fatigue crack initiation stage and propagation stage have been proposed, where the crack initiation life of the steel tube may reduce by 30% when its stress triaxiality increases from 0.36 to 0.48.     

隧道驾驶疲劳唤醒段设置长度研究

为解决驾驶员在隧道中间段因驾驶疲劳带来的行车安全问题,对隧道驾驶疲劳唤醒段设置长度进行研究。首先,建立疲劳唤醒段的刺激量与其产生疲劳唤醒后对驾驶员的唤醒程度以及唤醒维持时间的相互关系;然后,进行蓝、紫、青3种色彩,3种亮度及5种刺激持续时间共45种不同刺激量组合下疲劳唤醒段的静态唤醒试验,研究隧道疲劳唤醒段不同刺激量对被试驾驶员唤醒程度的影响规律,建立刺激量与唤醒程度的相关关系模型,得到疲劳唤醒段刺激量应不低于8.84 cd·s/m2;最后,分析不同刺激量的疲劳唤醒段对驾驶员唤醒的维持时间,建立不同运行速度条件下疲劳唤醒段刺激量与唤醒维持时间的相关关系模型,根据不同运行速度下隧道疲劳唤醒段侧壁可设置的最高亮度,得到不同运行速度下隧道疲劳唤醒段应设置的长度。当设计速度为60、80、100 km/h时,第x（x∈［1, N-1］）处疲劳唤醒段的设置长度分别为160、200、220 m,第N处疲劳唤醒段的设置长度应保证剩余路段驾驶员的正常驾驶,且不低于65、80、90 m。     

分形理论在油气储运工程中的应用综述

介绍了分形理论的基本思想。综述了分形理论在油气储运工程中多个领域（如油气水多相流流型识别、管道腐蚀评定、管道粗糙表面的分形模拟、管道疲劳裂纹分形研究等方面）的应用和研究成果,并提出了需要深入研究和完善的5个方面。     

基于ANSYS和Certon-Dolan理论分析估计疲劳寿命的方法

依据累积疲劳损伤法-迈纳(Miner)法和应力寿命曲线(S-N)推导变幅多级载荷下等效应力及强度判据公式;结合ANSYS有限元分析软件和柯顿-多兰(Certon-Dolan)理论,通过APDL(Ansys Pa- rameter Design Language)参数化建模,分析出不同载荷下应力集中的部位,将有限元网格划分的危险部位节点单元的应力值取出,代入理论公式估算疲劳寿命,具体分析多级载荷加载次序对疲劳寿命的影响,比较Miner方法和Certon-Dolan方法优劣,并提供设计参考数据和理论判据。     

轴向组合式小径向/轴向刚度比橡胶球铰结构介绍

以一种地铁车辆用转臂定位节点为例,介绍了一种轴向组合式橡胶-金属球铰结构,此种结构的特点是径向/轴向刚度比小,橡胶预压缩简单可靠,刚度调节范围广,疲劳可靠性好.     

钢筋混凝土空心板梁疲劳损伤试验研究

为获取钢筋混凝土空心板梁的疲劳损伤发展规律,通过对1片试验梁的静载试验测得试验梁的极限承载力,以此作为疲劳试验加载幅值取值依据,对5片试验梁进行等幅疲劳加载试验.试验表明,试验梁呈现出明显的疲劳损伤三阶段(即快速发展、稳定和破坏)规律.接近疲劳破坏时除1至2条主裂缝继续扩展外,其余裂缝停止增长并逐渐闭合,最终在主裂缝处疲劳断裂.试验梁的挠度发展、钢筋与混凝土的应变发展增量在疲劳循环初期增长比较显著;随着疲劳荷载循环次数的增加,增长速率趋缓而进入相对稳定发展阶段;临近破坏时又发生较大幅度的增长.     

X 光机操作员视觉搜索作业疲劳模糊综合评价

调查 X 光机操作员的疲劳现状,了解其工作负荷强度,可为全面、客观、综合地评价 X 光机操作员的疲劳程度提供可靠依据.从人-机-环-管复杂系统出发,分析 X 光机操作员视觉搜索作业引发疲劳的过程.根据视觉搜索作业引发疲劳的特点,从视觉疲劳、心理疲劳和身体局部肌肉疲劳3个方面建立3个一级指标;设计19个二级评价指标,建立 X 光机操作员视觉搜索作业疲劳的二级模糊综合评价模型,对 X 光机操作员的疲劳进行综合评价.利用层次分析法确定一级、二级指标权重,并通过100份有效问卷获得模型中评判矩阵的信息.按照模糊分布的方法,二级指标评判结果是:视觉系统、精神系统和身体局部肌肉处于高度疲劳和重度疲劳状态的人员比例依次为54.9%,50.2%和49%;一级指标综合评价结果是:63%的 X 光机操作员处于高度疲劳或重度较疲劳的状态.按最大隶属度原则,一级指标的隶属度的最大值为0.44,该机场 X 光机操作员总体上处于高度疲劳的状态.     

基于能量法的气缸盖低周热机疲劳寿命预测方法研究

通过测试气缸盖本体解剖试样,获得气缸盖材料的循环应力应变特性,并利用仿真方法验证其合理性。在此基础上,依据发动机低周疲劳台架考核方法,运用子模型分析技术,得到考核循环内气缸盖火力面的应力分布和塑性变形特性。基于塑性应变能理论,结合试验测试,对火力面低周热机疲劳寿命进行预测和评估,分析表明排气鼻梁区的寿命较低,约为1100次。