机车抱轴箱随机应力谱下的疲劳寿命预估研究

针对机车铸钢抱轴箱在运行中产生疲劳裂纹的现象，笔者对机务段检修和返厂检修的抱轴箱进行了调研，认为裂纹长度服从正态分布。对抱轴箱及其改进结构进行了有限元分析，其应力最大部位与发生裂纹部位一致。通过动应力实测获取抱轴箱危险部位的应力谱，用局部应力一应变法结合断裂力学方法估算了抱轴箱的疲劳总寿命，并与名义应力法计算结果进行了比较。结果表明，2种方法所得的疲劳总寿命基本是一致的，用局部应力-应变法计算机车抱轴箱裂纹萌生寿命是一种合理的方法，而大的铸造缺陷是抱轴箱产生裂纹的最主要原因。最后采用统计方法得到了裂纹扩展破坏的累积失效概率函数。     

一种基于冰载荷引起的船体结构疲劳损伤分析方法

目前对基于冰载荷引起的船体结构强度问题已经发展的较为成熟,但是基于冰载荷引起的结构疲劳强度的研究比较少。针对该问题,如果有一种简化方法来指导早期的结构设计,对船舶设计者来说是很有现实意义的。本文对英国劳氏船级社发布的ShipRight FDA ICE_^[1]作概括性的介绍,旨在向读者介绍这一简单而高效的评估方法以及技术背景和注意要点等。最后文章根据这一方法给出数条油船和LNG船的算例,并验证通过该方法改善疲劳节点的可行性。     

铁路信息服务管理系统的功能与特点

提高信息服务质量,离不开必要的工具.市场上的工具功能不全面,系统开销大,不够适用.铁路信息部门从信息系统运营实际需要出发,开发了自己的信息服务管理系统.功能全面,简约适用,系统开销小,克服了通用系统的弊病,具有突出的优点.     

基于产权多元化的农村公路建设研究

通过借鉴国企改革和公共事业改革中的产权多元化路径和模式,探讨实行农村公路建设产权多元化的策略和措施,以推进公共基础设施的产权多元化改革,提高经济效益和社会效益。     

地铁车辆转向架天线梁模态与疲劳寿命分析

国内某地铁车辆转向架的ATP天线梁频繁出现断裂,为探寻天线梁断裂的原因,对其进行现场试验分析。依据实测的天线梁约束模态及有限元软件计算的整备状态下模态结果,分析天线梁实测动应力频谱的主频及振型,并利用IIW-1823《焊接接头与部件的疲劳设计标准》计算天线梁上测点的等效应力范围和疲劳寿命。结果表明,天线梁的1阶垂弯、1阶横弯及与构架八字变形的耦合振型(75 Hz)均对天线梁的疲劳寿命造成较大的影响;在随机振动疲劳分析下,天线梁上大部分测点的等效应力都已经超过焊缝的疲劳极限80 MPa,尤其是位于天线梁横梁中部支座上的T4测点,等效应力为214.4 MPa,已经极大地超过焊缝的疲劳极限,而且疲劳寿命也远远达不到设计要求。     

气泡混合轻质土的特点及其应用

气泡混合轻质土是一种新型的混凝土材料,其具有优越的施工性能,可应用于桥涵台背、道路扩建、陡坡路段以及承载力降低路段的填筑,在公路建设中有着广泛的应用前景.     

车顶环氧复合绝缘子的外绝缘特性研究

通过不同材料和结构绝缘子的对比试验,研究了电力机车车顶用脂环族环氧和憎水性环氧复合绝缘子以及硅橡胶绝缘子的外绝缘特性。针对典型的2种结构和2种材料的环氧绝缘子和1种硅橡胶绝缘子以及传统的瓷质绝缘子试品,进行了工频干湿雾、盐雾和人工污秽闪络电压以及表面憎水性的对比测量,并模拟受电弓支持绝缘子的安装形式仿真计算了外绝缘的电场分布特性,试验研究结果为电力机车车顶绝缘子的选用和运行提供了参考。     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions

Fatigue crack propagation behavior under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions was investigated. Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on an advanced fracture mechanics approach using the RPG (Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation was improved to extract the effective part from the applied stress history for fatigue crack propagation. The parameter, which is based on the plastic hysteresis energy consumed in the vicinity of a crack tip, was applied and implemented into the numerical simulation code of fatigue crack propagation. Fatigue crack propagation tests under various superimposed stress conditions with several mean stress conditions were performed and compared with the fatigue crack propagation histories obtained from the improved numerical simulations. These comparisons show the validity of the proposed procedure for extracting the effective stress history from the superimposed stress histories with different frequency components and mean stresses. Additionally, practical fatigue strength evaluations based on the linear cumulative fatigue damage parameter were conducted to investigate the tendency of the fatigue damage value under these stress conditions.     

镇扬河段三期综合整治工程对河段水质的影响分析

结合镇扬河段三期综合整治工程特点,着重从工程对水质影响的总趋势和工程施工期对水质的影响两个方面分析工程过程对水质的影响,得出该工程对水质的主要不利影响在于实施水下抛石过程中在短期内引起的水体感官性状的下降,但其固定河槽、改变水文情势在一定程度上有利于对悬浮物的稀释自净,因而对水质的不利影响较小。     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under biaxial tensile loadings with phase differences

Fatigue crack propagation under the biaxial tensile loading, which loading directions are normal and parallel to the initial crack position, is highlighted in this study. Most of in-service structures and vessels are subjected to many types of loading. Generally, these loadings have different axial components with different phases. However, the structural integrities of structures and vessels are evaluated according to design codes based on theoretical and experimental investigations under a uniaxial loading condition. Most of these codes are based on the S–N curves approach. An approach that does not use S–N curves has been favored by researchers, with the fracture mechanics approach preferred for evaluating the fatigue life of structures. An advanced fracture mechanics approach was developed based on the Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating (RPG) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation. In this study, fatigue crack propagation tests under biaxial loading with six different phase and loading conditions are performed and the effect of the phase difference under biaxial loading is evaluated. A numerical simulation method of fatigue crack propagation based on the RPG stress criterion under different biaxial loading phase conditions is presented and compared to measured data.