φ840D货车车轮辐板孔疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究

针对目前840D货车车轮辐板孔裂纹故障增多及其可能带来的隐患,本文首先采用有限元方法数值模拟了不同运用条件下车轮的机械应力和制动热应力,其次根据线弹性断裂力学理论研究了辐板孔边裂纹的应力强度因子,最后结合Forman疲劳裂纹扩展方程及裂纹扩展门槛值,得到不同运用工况下辐板孔裂纹扩展的基本特性及规律,从而分析出了导致裂纹扩展的载荷条件。分析结果表明:辐板孔裂纹是典型的疲劳裂纹,是由萌生于辐板孔内侧的微细裂纹逐渐扩展而来的,它是由热负荷和机械载荷的综合效应造成的。单纯的机械载荷不会直接导致孔边裂纹的萌生和扩展;坡道制动与机械载荷的叠加才是导致辐板孔裂纹萌生与扩展的最主要的载荷工况。这对预防车轮疲劳失效、优化车轮设计,保障行车安全,具有重要意义。     

机车侧梁牵引座结构优化设计

对SS系列电力机车车体侧梁牵引座进行了比较及强度计算,分析了侧梁牵引座的结构特性,提出了不同的优化结构方案;分析比较各种方案的优缺点并根据其载荷特性进行疲劳强度评价,从设计上保证侧梁牵引座结构的免维护性,从而达到侧梁牵引座结构优化的目的。     

纤维沥青混凝土疲劳性能对比试验

纤维沥青混凝土性能良好,应用广泛。由于路用纤维类型众多,因此选定三点弯曲疲劳试验来评价木质素纤维、矿物纤维、改性纤维和复合改性纤维等四种纤维对AC13沥青混凝土疲劳性能的影响。结果证明,加入纤维可提高沥青混凝土路面疲劳性能,同时为不同条件下纤维沥青混凝土路面的应用和纤维选择提供了研究依据。     

论造船企业科技管理的深层推进与成果体现

科技管理在造船企业中的作用显而易见。从科研项目管理、专利申请、成果鉴定、科技创新和技术进步等几方面着手,多角度分析了科技管理深层推进与成果体现的重要性与必要性,反映了如何精心谋划、全面把握、综合平衡的各项举措,并从全过程管理、可行性运作、支撑点辐射和中长期发展上提出了相应的建议及对策。     

Sustainability Challenges in the Geoduck Clam Fishery of British Columbia: Policy Perspectives

The geoduck clam fishery, worth approximately CDN $40 million ¹ US $ equivalence: 35 million (Bank of Canada exchange rate on February 1, 2006). in annual landed value, is British Columbia's most valuable invertebrate fishery. This fishery has been co-managed by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and the Underwater Harvesters Association (UHA) since 1989. Earlier input control measures such as effort regulation, seasonal closures, and licenses failed to work effectively for more than ten years, resulting in excess fishing capacity, over harvesting, poor economic returns, and unsafe fishing practices. Output control measures such as the individual vessel quota system (IVQ) have, to some extent, proven successful in improving revenues, controlling excess fishing capacity, gaining compliance with regulations, and involving fishers in the joint decision-making processes. However, there are public concerns about a common property resource at risk of being dominated by a few UHA license holders. Additionally, there are concerns about the job losses resulting from IVQ implementation, as well as distribution and equity issues. This article traces and examines the policy context for fisheries management in the British Columbia (BC) geoduck fishery, discusses the major concerns surrounding the exploitation of long lived Methuselah's clams and concludes with areas for further research in sustaining this lucrative fishery.     

The subjective measurement of seafarers’ fatigue levels and mental symptoms

Human error is the most important factor causing many ship accidents in maritime industry despite advanced technology and international regulations. Fatigue in seafarers is a well-known problem and a serious cause of ship accidents. There are many factors unique to the marine environment raising the potential for fatigue at sea. Due to the difficulties in measuring human fatigue and also in suggesting fatigue to be a root cause of accident, it is important to devise methods to detect and quantify the fatigue and mental symptoms. In this study, ‘Piper Fatigue Scale’ (PFS) has been used for measuring fatigue level and ‘Symptom Checklist 90- Revised’ (SCL-90-R) for detecting the severity of mental symptoms. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. According to the results of PFS analysis, a slight degree of fatigue is detected in all sub-dimensions of the scale. According to the results of SCL-90-R analysis, the distress of mental symptoms perceived by seafarers is not generally highly detected. In conclusion, the purpose of this study is to determine, by using subjective measurements, the fatigue level and mental symptoms among seafarers caused by working conditions on-board.     

LNG燃料船储气罐疲劳强度计算

基于IGF规则对LNG燃料船储气罐疲劳强度分析的相关要求,结合CCS相关规范指南中的拟合经验公式,对船用储气罐的疲劳强度评估方法进行了研究,推导了累积损伤计算的简化公式并通过算例同CCS《船体结构疲劳强度指南》中的经验公式进行了简单对比。结果表明,简化公式可有效的对疲劳累积损伤度进行计算。     

超大型集装箱船纵骨屈服强度和疲劳强度的计算与分析

纵骨的屈服强度和疲劳强度对于集装箱船十分重要,在设计建造阶段准确有效地评估连接处的屈服强度和疲劳强度具有重要意义。文章基于梁系理论和S-N曲线法,根据德国船级社(GL)和法国船级社(BV)的船体结构规范,对超大型集装箱船纵骨与主要支撑构件连接处的屈服强度和疲劳强度进行校核,将结果进行比较和分析,并提出合理化建议。     

热再生沥青混合料的疲劳特性研究

针对渝长高速公路废旧沥青混合料,对新拌沥青混合料AC-16和RAP掺量分别为10％,30％,50％的再生AC-16进行长期老化前后的间接拉伸疲劳试验.引入疲劳寿命比Nf(k/n)和疲劳寿命损失率F(k)的概念,对再生沥青混合料疲劳特性的变化规律进行了系统评价.试验结果表明:随RAP掺量的增加,再生沥青混合料的疲劳寿命比降低,且老化后的疲劳寿命比要小于老化前,且疲劳寿命损失率增加.     

HCSR疲劳载荷概率水平及形状参数的研究

针对协调共同规范（HCSR）中疲劳评估的概率水平和形状参数的选取问题,通过理论分析和数值计算分析对结构疲劳损伤贡献率最大的长期应力范围所对应的超越概率水平,分析不同超越概率水平下形状参数对结构疲劳寿命的敏感性,通过实船谱分析计算,得到热点应力范围长期分布。