地铁机电设备故障监测与智能诊断系统

阐述北京地铁线网建设加速后地铁机电设备安全运营和设备维护维修面临的相关问题。为提升机电设备养护水平,提高运营维修维护效率,规避设备运行安全风险,提出利用智能诊断技术和智能信息化技术建立地铁机电设备故障监测与智能诊断系统的思路,并针对目前需求和运营管理模式,对系统的逻辑架构和系统构成方案进行论述。     

Fault-tolerant control of heavy-haul trains

The fault-tolerant control (FTC) of heavy-haul trains is discussed on the basis of the speed regulation proposed in previous works. The fault modes of trains are assumed and the corresponding fault detection and isolation (FDI) are studied. The FDI of sensor faults is based on a geometric approach for residual generators. The FDI of a braking system is based on the observation of the steady-state speed. From the difference of the steady-state speeds between the fault system and the faultless system, one can get fault information. Simulation tests were conducted on the suitability of the FDIs and the redesigned speed regulators. It is shown that the proposed FTC does not explicitly worsen the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faultless system, while it obviously improves the performance of the speed regulator in the case of a faulty system.     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

成昆铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区模型试验研究北大核心

为研究铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区的受力形式,以成昆铁路金沙江大桥为工程背景,针对该桥采用的新型梁顶混凝土锚固构造,通过缩尺模型试验研究其在不同荷载下的应力分布和开裂特征。结果表明:在斜拉桥成桥恒载索力作用以及最不利荷载组合索力作用下,C7锚固块更容易发生破坏,将其作为试验构件开展缩尺模型试验,发现锚固块在不同张拉荷载作用下张拉至设计索力的过程中,应变增幅基本上线性增加,卸载后同样呈线性减小,说明混凝土受力处在线弹性阶段,且应力在规范要求范围内。在试验荷载加载至140%设计索力时,锚固块前端倒角位置开始出现细小裂纹且随荷载的增加不断开展。当荷载卸载至0时,之前出现的裂缝随荷载的减小逐渐闭合,宽度肉眼不可见,表明该构造能够满足正常使用要求且具备足够的安全储备。     

可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统设计中的应用

船舶动力机械系统一旦出现故障直接威胁船舶安全,但是船舶服役后难以增加设备完善动力机械运行状态的监测。为此,提出了可监测性设计理论内涵,在常规船舶设计建造阶段考虑动力机械系统的可监测性,从而构建出可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统设计中的工程应用框架。以远洋救助船动力机械系统为例,分析了可监测性设计理论在机械系统设计中的具体应用。实践证明,可监测性设计理论在船舶动力机械系统中的工程化实施增强了其可监测性,大大提高了自身状态监测和故障诊断能力水平,并且为船舶动力机械创新设计和机械系统的可再制造提供了保障和技术支撑。     

海工中压电力系统接地方式的选择与设计

对电力系统几种常用的接地方式进行分析比较,得出海工中压电力系统最适合中性点经高电阻接地的结论。在介绍分析高电阻接地的主要连接方式和接地故障电流电路模型的基础上,阐述接地设备参数选取的计算方法与原则。并结合实例,演示了单相接地故障电流和接地电阻/变压器参数计算及接地保护装置参数设定的全过程,为大型海洋工程和船舶中压系统接地方案的选择、系统设计和实际应用提供了较为全面的理论依据和有益参考。     

基于单片机的报警检测驱动模块设计

报警检测驱动模块应用于船舶柴油机系统燃油回路,对油箱前及油箱后燃油的含水率超标情况进行报警并控制相应的电磁阀,模块还可进行输出回路的断线故障检测。由于燃油含水率检测装置稳定工作需要一定的时间,要求报警检测驱动模块具有上电延时功能。     

基于局部均值分解与局部离群因子动力电池故障诊断

动力电池故障诊断是保证电动汽车正常运行的关键。提出一种基于局部均值分解和局部离群因子的动力电池故障诊断方法,用于电池组故障识别与定位。通过局部均值分解对电压信号预处理,并根据相关系数高低重构电压信号。进一步提取重构信号的峭度因子作为故障特征输入到局部离群因子算法中,根据局部离群因子算法自适应阈值输出故障电池。采用实车数据验证了所提方法能有效、准确地检测出故障,具有较好的可靠性与鲁棒性。     

基于二进制粒子群算法的母联闭合型电网重构策略

为解决母联闭合型电网发生故障时的电网重构问题,提出一种基于二进制粒子群算法的电网重构策略.根据深水半潜平台电网特殊的网络架构和电气特性,建立以最大程度恢复重要负载供电为目标,以电网结构和系统容量为约束条件的母联闭合型电网故障恢复模型.为提升求解效率,为该模型设计基于二进制粒子群算法的两阶段优化求解流程,并将求解结果与混...     

数据库技术在专家系统知识表示中的应用

通过对专家系统知识表示以及数据库技术的研究,提出了一种用关系数据库表示产生式知识,构建专家知识库的方法。结合燃气轮机故障诊断模型的开发,阐述了该方法的理论和实现过程,并将系统的应用结果与BP算法和支持向量机模型进行了比较。