轨道交通新型高分子材料研发及应用进展

综述了我国几种新型高分子材料的研究现状,分析了典型材料的功能特性和技术关键点,介绍了现有技术在轨道交通领域的应用情况,并指出了我国轨道交通高分子材料的研究方向。     

多约束模型预测控制在AUV深度控制中的应用

针对AUV深度控制,提出深度偏差转换为指令纵倾的算法,基于拉盖尔网络逼近的模型预测控制理论,设计了舵角舵速硬约束和纵倾软约束条件下的纵倾运动模型预测控制器。仿真结果表明,该控制方法具有良好的动态控制性能,并可快速处理多种约束条件的二次规划问题。     

Semi-submersible wind turbine hull shape design for a favorable system response behavior

Floating offshore wind turbines are a novel technology, which has reached, with the first wind farm in operation, an advanced state of development. The question of how floating wind systems can be optimized to operate smoothly in harsh wind and wave conditions is the subject of the present work. An integrated optimization was conducted, where the hull shape of a semi-submersible, as well as the wind turbine controller were varied with the goal of finding a cost-efficient design, which does not respond to wind and wave excitations, resulting in small structural fatigue and extreme loads.The optimum design was found to have a remarkably low tower-base fatigue load response and small rotor fore-aft amplitudes. Further investigations showed that the reason for the good dynamic behavior is a particularly favorable response to first-order wave loads: The floating wind turbine rotates in pitch-direction about a point close to the rotor hub and the rotor fore-aft motion is almost unaffected by the wave excitation. As a result, the power production and the blade loads are not influenced by the waves. A comparable effect was so far known for Tension Leg Platforms but not for semi-submersible wind turbines. The methodology builds on a low-order simulation model, coupled to a parametric panel code model, a detailed viscous drag model and an individually tuned blade pitch controller. The results are confirmed by the higher-fidelity model FAST. A new indicator to express the optimal behavior through a single design criterion has been developed.     

半固态沥青的黏度试验特性

沥青的种类繁多，黏度是现阶段国际上用以作为沥青胶体等级分类的主要标准单位之一。在工程实际应用上，其黏度和温度的关系与沥青胶体的各项工作性质指标息息相关，深切影响沥青与沥青混合料在设计、生产、施工及质量的各项指标。     

引起牛蛙腹根电位的传入纤维类别分析

实验用牛蛙,以坐骨神经干复合动作电位作为监测纤维类别的指标,对引起牛蛙腹根电位(VRP)的传入纤维类别进行了分析。实验中可见,当刺激强度为0.054±0.003使时,随动作电位α波的出现,在腹根可记录到前人所报道的短潜伏期的VRP,即A类纤维引起的VRP(A—VRP)。当刺激强度增加到70T左右,在A—VRP之后出现一长潜伏期的VRP。该波与A—VRP的极性一致;在300T达最大幅度。用普鲁卡因阻滞、三角波刺激、远侧与近侧刺激对比的方法,证明了这一长潜伏期的VIIP是由C类传入诱发的,命名为C—VRP。实验结果证明:牛蛙坐骨神经的C类纤维也可诱发VRP。C—VRP似可作为一个“痛”反应指标。     

任意铺设纤维增强型层合板非线性弯曲的基本方程

利用变分原理,在Reddy高阶横向剪切变形理论基础上,建立了任意铺设纤维增强型层合板非线性弯曲的基本方程,该方程具有普遍性。由所建立的方程,计算了在均布载荷作用下,对称角铺设及正交铺设均质各向异性矩形叠层板在不同边界条件下非线性弯曲的解析解,并针对给定材料进行了数值计算。     

富水砂卵石地层矩形顶管机的研究及应用——结合成都川大下穿人民南路人行通道工程

以成都川大下穿人民南路人行通道矩形顶管项目为依托,对富水砂卵石地层矩形顶管机关键技术进行研究。1)为探索同平面多刀盘联合开挖矩形断面技术,采用ANSYS Workbench有限元仿真分析方法对刀盘结构进行优化,得出:刀盘采用箱体式4辐条结构外加大圆环支撑形式,可满足强度需求的同时有效提高刀盘开口率。2)研究针对大粒径卵石的双螺旋输送机排渣技术,利用ANSYS仿真分析对螺旋叶片厚度进行优化,通过工业性试验表明:大直径、大节距螺旋叶片设计可有效提高卵石地层的排渣效果,实现450 mm粒径卵石的顺利排出。3)采用正交试验对掘进过程中渣土改良工艺进行研究,获得适应该地层的渣土改良方案。     

基于构架点头角速度的轨道垂向长波不平顺在线检测

在分析比较基于轴箱垂向振动加速度和构架点头角速度的轨道垂向不平顺检测原理的基础上,提出基于构架点头角速度的轨道垂向长波不平顺在线检测方法。在运营车辆轴箱正上方的构架处安装陀螺仪,用于等空间采样构架点头角速度的时域信号;对构架点头角速度的时域信号以及由速度传感器测得的车速时域信号进行二次积分、消除拟合多项式的趋势项、带通滤波及递归最小二乘自适应补偿滤波等数据处理,从而得到轨道垂向长波不平顺的估计值;建立车辆—轨道垂向耦合动力学模型,以实测轨道垂向不平顺激励下的构架角速度模拟陀螺仪采集的时域信号,对给出的在线检测方法进行验证。结果表明:与实测结果相比,标准差小于0.4mm,归一化均方误差小于-8,说明给出的在线检测方法能精确、有效地检测轨道垂向长波不平顺。     

郑西客运专线路基工后沉降监测方案的探讨

研究目的:针对郑西客运专线湿陷性黄土区路基工后沉降控制的特殊要求,分析采用既有2种路基工后沉降监测方案存在的不足。根据光纤光栅传感技术的发展和在土木工程监测中的研究与应用,探讨光纤光栅传感器沉降监测系统在客运专线湿陷性黄土区路基工后沉降监测中应用的可行性。研究结论:通过分析与探讨,采用光纤光栅传感器沉降监测系统,可实现长距离(50 km)准分布、多测点、多参量的测量,测量精度高,可精确测出小于0.1 mm(相对基准点)的垂直位移的变化,适于长期实时监测,且不受电磁干扰。能满足郑西客运专线湿陷性黄土区路基进行长期工后沉降监测的要求。     

A real-time impact detection and diagnosis system of catenary using measured strains by fibre Bragg grating sensors

This paper describes an impact detection system using strain signals based on fibre optic sensors(FBG) for the real-time monitoring of the catenary system. The proposed detection system consists of three subsystems: a measuring system, a data processing and analysis system, and a status display and data access system. Because the strain signals obey the normal distribution, to monitor the catenary system in real time, a novel method that combines mobile standard deviation with the mobile Pauta criterion is proposed to distinguish real impact from the strain signal background. The use of this adaptive judging method reduces the misjudgment rate of impacts and improves the impact recognition accuracy. These impacts can be identified by the data analysis system, which provides impact location and their causes using the features of the catenary system. This method can simplify the detection system compared with the traditional location method. An application to a commercial metro line system indicated that the impacts on the catenary system were main caused by overlaps, expansion joints or steady arms, and were verified by correspondence with the floor plan of the catenary and manual inspection results. These results verified the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed impact detection system.