浅谈工程建设机械设备租赁

分析了目前工程建设机械设备租赁过程中存在的服务不足等种种问题,提出了强化服务水平、服务创品牌、服务促发展的措施,对工程建设机械设备租赁大潮中的众多企业的发展具有一定的参考意义。     

Factoring a real value of cargo in port investment and funding decisions

Ports are marine gateways to economic activities. Ports’ ability to perform services depends on their facilities, harbor conditions, and other factors. Generally, ports have control over their facilities but must compete for funding to improve them. As for waterways, in the U.S., a Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund was established to fund dredging, which levies a 0.125% cargo value tax on most shippers using U.S. coastal and Great Lakes harbors. Yet, commonly, a gross tonnage metric is used to allocate the fund’s resources, resulting in under-maintenance of some harbors. This, reportedly, deters additional port funding and hinders valuable commerce. Supplemental economic metrics, such as value of commerce or cargo, can improve port financing decisions, but such data is not readily available. Container ports collect cargo value data in nominal terms, but bulk ports do not. When making economic decisions, however, real values must be used. Further, when allocating resources, decision-makers must be able to assess ports over time and relative to each other. Conforming to these criteria, this paper develops three port financing indicators based on a real value of cargo and illustrates their calculations using the U.S. Port of Duluth-Superior as a case study.     

Rail access charges in France: Beyond the opposition between competition and financing

Access charges to the railway infrastructures, and in particular of the high speed lines, poses many theoretical and practical questions. Besides the need to decide whether it is better to apply a principle of marginal cost or a full cost approach, a difficulty arises with regard to the possibilities of competition between various operators. France is especially affected by this problem since access charges are particularly high while at the same time competition is non-existent. Is this absence of competition explained by the high level of access charges? After describing the principles which underlie the pricing scheme for high speed trains in France, this paper attempts to find out if these tolls constitute a barrier to entry. After building a model that summarizes the components of supply and demand on the Paris–Lyon journey, this paper shows that the considerations relating to demand (peak hour or off-peak hour) are more fundamental than access charges, which do not in themselves constitute a barrier to entry. Barriers exist, but they involve access charges in relation to the allocation of slots which would make it possible to guarantee certain profitability to a new entrant. Break-even points are proposed which show that SNCF's potential competitors have margins for manoeuvre.     

西安市公共自行车单站点调度算法研究

通过对西安市公共自行车租赁站点进行调研,分析自行车租赁系统中存在的调配方法落后、车辆使用率低等问题。基于随机存贮模型策略,提出车桩比及租赁点调配量的计算方法,建立公共自行车单站点调度优化算法,确定单个租赁点的最大和最小调配量,提高租赁点使用率。     

PPP融资模式的风险分配方法

PPP模式是应用于公共基础设施建设的一种融资模式,风险分担是PPP项目取得成功的关键。综合考虑了投资和风险因素,提出了合理的风险分配原则和线性规划的风险分配方法,建立线性规划模型从理论上证明了项目风险分配存在最优结构,为PPP项目融资风险分配方法提供了一种新的思路。     

发展中国家机动化讨论

以中国、印度等为代表的广大发展中国家已进入快速机动化阶段.以此为背景,首先分析了发展中国家机动化发展的新现实,包括:提高了出行机动性,带来了大量的社会经济成本,增加了能源消耗,加剧了环境污染,同时面临发展资金不足、管理经验缺乏及资源分配不公等带来的社会问题.然后指出依靠交通运输技术的跨越式发展,未必能解决上述一系列问题...     

大型项目融资风险度量

投资项目呈现越来越强的不确定性和多样性,投资决策面临着对这些不确定性带来的风险的度量和防范.基于源于热力学的熵度量系统不确定性的研究思想,再结合概率分析,同时综合考虑利润与风险之间的联系,多角度、多方位对风险进行度量,形成了一个完整的风险评价过程,把它应用到项目投资决策中去,可以优选出合适的项目融资方案.     

关于交通基础设施融资问题的思考

作为国民经济的“先行官”,交通基础设施在经济发展初期和中期适度超前发展具有客观必要性,但交通基础设施投资的巨大需求和投资缺口是摆在中国政府面前的一项严峻课题,通过对交通基础设施融资问题的成因分析。可从理论角度探寻解决思路。     

平陆运河综合开发模式研究

针对平陆运河开发过程中如何充分释放运河的综合效益,实现可持续投资开发的问题,研究立足运河经济带协同发展的宏观视角,运用系统工程理论和跨学科研究方法,梳理运河综合效益发挥的传导机制,厘清平陆运河经济带的开发思路,提出需系统处理好综合规划、开发主体、合作模式、项目实施之间的关系,形成超大型公益性基础设施外部效益内部化的合理路径。在此基础上,针对交通基础设施、资源综合开发、土地综合利用、产业协同发展等不同类型项目群的特点,构建合理可行的投融资模式,探索市场化收益实现机制,最终形成保障运河经济带可持续发展的系统解决方案。本研究能够为平陆运河综合开发的实施提供合理路径,为推动同类型跨水系连通工程项目的开展提供借鉴。