CNG发动机缸内气流条件与双点点火对火焰传播特性及热效率的影响

提高CNG-DI发动机的指示热效率是适应低碳化要求的重要途径.采用CFD软件AVL FIRE,对2.0L柴油机改装的CNG-DI发动机燃烧过程和缸内流场特性进行了仿真分析.首先用CNG-DI光学发动机实验结果验证了计算模型的正确性.基于仿真模型分析了CNG燃料缸内直喷时不同燃烧室结构的湍流强度对火焰传播过程的影响,以及...     

Residual stresses at a longitudinal stiffener — Web frame intersection and their effects on crack growth

Stress coining at geometrical discontinuities may introduce compressive residual stresses which will lower the propagation of surface cracks and thus increase the fatigue life. In a non-linear finite element analysis, the residual stresses after welding of a transverse web-frame to a ship hull plating is first estimated. Stress coining of one corner of a longitudinal cut-out in a transverse web-frame is then simulated in detail. The calculated residual compressive tangential stresses in the corner of the cut-out is seen to lower the propagation of edge cracks. Experiments performed on web-frames taken from a shipyard after manufacturing show indeed that large tensile residual stresses exist in the web-frame after welding. Stress coining is therefore believed to have a beneficial effect on the fatigue life.     

铸铁缸盖热疲劳裂纹扩展速度估算

以S195柴油机铸铁缸盖作为研究对象 ,运用概率断裂力学理论 ,以铸铁缸盖加速热疲劳安全使用寿命为依据 ,通过缸盖的材料物理性能参数来计算其热疲劳裂纹扩展速度 ,并拟合出加速热疲劳裂纹扩展系数与试验控制参数间的关系式     

Simplified estimation for the dynamic behavior and reliability analysis of very large floating structures under wave-induced loads

This paper deals with the dynamic response and strength of very large floating structures (VLFS) in regular and irregular waves, considering the propagation of the hydroelastic deflection wave of the structure. First, a simplified estimation method is presented for the dynamic response and strength of the structure in regular waves. Then, the validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing its results with analytical results and experimental results for a mat-type floating structure model. Next, a simplified estimation method for dynamic responses under long crested irregular wave conditions is presented by using the above results and by combining them with irregular sea wave spectra. Finally, the applicability of the method is investigated through numerical examples carried out for a 4,800-m class VLFS under trial design. Characteristics of the hydroelastic waves, short-term responses, and reliability levels are numerically identified. Received for publication on April 14, 1999; accepted on Sept. 10, 1999     

双向波分段水位演算模型在感潮河段中的应用

将感潮河段预报断面的洪水过程视作上游洪水波和下游潮水波双向独立传播后的叠加,应用分段水位演算方法模拟演算其传播过程,以此建立感潮河段的水位预报模型,该模型方法简单,物理概念清楚。选用长江大通站和镇江站作为上下边界,预报南京站的水位过程,取得了较好的效果。     

一种快速获取输电线路 复合绝缘子临界污闪电压方法

针对获取输电线路复合绝缘子临界污闪电压而进行的复杂、耗时和投资较高的人工污秽试验以及用于表示绝缘子自身参数存在不足的问题,依据现场常用复合绝缘子的人工污秽试验,在基本伞形参数基础上引入4个伞形参数完善复合绝缘子的形状表示,提出一种基于生物地理学算法优化的BP神经网络模型,将8个伞形参数与盐密值ESDD和灰密值NSDD作为模型输入量,临界污闪电压作为输出量。研究结果表明:该方法与传统方法相比,能够更加准确地获取复合绝缘子临界污闪电压,模型输出值作为污闪试验的参考,可以降低污闪试验工作量,同时为输电线路绝缘子的结构优化和选型提供一种新的思路与方法。     

基于腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的自升式海洋平台桩腿时变可靠性研究

本文研究了腐蚀与疲劳载荷耦合作用下自升式平台桩腿服的可靠性问题。采用ANSYS对自升式海洋平台桩腿结构进行建模,根据平台服役海域的波浪散布图对桩腿结构的工况进行划分,确定浪溅区桩腿结构的疲劳关键节点及其等效应力;以桩腿材料E690高强钢为对象,进行腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展实验,获得了不同环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展参数;提出了基于断裂力学的浪溅区桩腿关键节点的时变可靠性模型,与采用现有腐蚀模型的桩腿时变可靠性指标进行了对比,结果表明了本文所提方法能有效地反映平台桩腿服役期间关键节点的时变可靠性变化趋势,为平台在服役期间的安全运行与维护保养提供了理论指导。     

基于DSP的船舶电力推进系统滤波装置控制器设计

小型船舶电力系统中非线性负载多、谐波污染严重。针对这一情况,本文设计一款基于DSP的电力系统滤波装置控制器,该控制器结构简单,稳定性好,实验证明该控制器能有效降低谐波污染,具有一定实用价值。     

Effect of injection condition and swirl on D.I. diesel combustion in a transparent engine system

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of injection conditions and swirl on D.I. diesel combustion using a transparent engine system. The test engine is equipped with a common rail injection system to control injection conditions and to obtain split injection characteristics. A combustion analysis and steady flow test were conducted to measure the heat release rate due to cylinder pressure and the swirl ratio. In addition, spray and diffusion flame images were obtained using a high speed camera. The LII & LIS methods were also used to obtain 2-D soot and droplet distributions. High injection pressure was found to shorten ignition delay, as well as to enhance peak pressure. The results also revealed that the heat release rate in the premixed combustion region was markedly reduced through the use of pilot injection, while the soot distribution and the heat release rate in the diffusion combustion region were increased. The swirl effect was found to shorten ignition delay at certain injection timings, and to enhance the heat release rate in all experimental conditions.     

Reaction characteristics of the diesel oxidation catalyst of particulate matters from the diffusion flame of a oiler burner

The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the characteristics of the size distribution and the number concentration of PM (particulate matters) emitted from the diffusion flame of a boiler burner, which has the same type of combustion as a diesel engine. This study is performed to investigate the emission characteristics of nanoparticles generated from diffusion combustion in diesel fuel, and it considered fuel factors and the reaction characteristics of the nanoparticles on the DOC (Diesel oxidation catalyst). The factors examined in this experiment included the sulfur content in the fuel, the blend of the diesel fuel containing biodiesel and bio-ethanol, and the concentration of engine oil (0.1% and 1.0%) blended with diesel fuel. The particle size distribution of the nanoparticles exhausted from the boiler burner was measured by an SMPS (scanning mobility particle sizer). The number concentration of PM that were smaller than 70 nm in diameter greatly increased in the rear of the DOC when fuel containing 250 ppm of sulfur was used. The experiment also suggested that the particle number concentration in both the front and rear of the DOC was lower when ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel blended with biodiesel and bio-ethanol, which are oxygenated fuels, was used than when only ULSD fuel was used. The higher the content of engine oil in the fuel, the higher the particle number concentration was in the front and rear of the catalyst. When the first dilution air temperature is increased from 30°C to 180°C, the nanoparticle number concentration dramatically dropped in the rear of the catalyst when fuel containing 250 ppm of sulfur was used, while the particle size distribution remained almost the same when the fuel with engine oil was used.