耐久性路面的结构设计

介绍耐久性路面的结构设计原则,并在此基础上提出柔+刚+柔的典型路面结构形式,论述提高沥青混凝土路面强度的措施及质量控制方法。     

胆道残留结石的防治

本文报告1977年～1988年间,收治的75例胆道残留结石,采用胆总管切开取石治疗29例,各种内引流手术30例,纤维胆道镜取石16例。本文就残留结石发生的原因及其防治进行分析讨论,强调了术中造影和纤维胆道镜联合应用是预防胆道残留结石的有效措施。     

Active control for installation of underwater structures

The trend towards deepwater development requires a new approach to underwater installation of offshore structures. The present method using crane vessels has some drawbacks in operations at more than 2000 m depth. The natural period of the coupled system of the rigged structure and the crane vessel becomes longer, so that it is no longer possible to manipulate the cranes to achieve the desired positioning accuracy. This paper examines the application of an active control technique for underwater installations as one of the solutions to the present problems. An active control technique also has the advantage that it can deal with the structural flexibility which allows the structure to be large and light-weight. This structural flexibility imposes problems of suppressing the elastic responses and securing the stability of the control system. In this paper, anH _∞ controller combined with a low authority control/high authority control (LAC/HAC) feedback controller is designed for cases where structural flexibility cannot be ignored. A robust model-following controller is examined for cases where the structure can be treated as rigid. In order to confirm the control algorithm and verify the possibility of the active control installation method, basin tests are executed using two types of neutrally buoyant flexible models with ultrasound ranging systems and thrusters.     

浅谈软横跨稳定性问题

通常情况下软横跨应用在行车速度不大于 16 0 km/ h的电化区段 ,本文结合广深线及哈大线 Re2 0 0 c接触网软横跨的结构特点 ,对影响软横跨稳定性的问题提出自己的一些观点及解决的对策措施。     

声阻抗在管路柔性元件降噪效果评估中的应用

本文根据传递矩阵法,建立了管路柔性元件的固有特性声阻抗和声学性能参数插入损失之间的关系.根据已有的管路柔性元件声阻抗参数获得不受工作环境影响的插入损失,给出管路柔性元件降噪效果的评估方法.     

Simulation and analysis of flexible solar panels’ deployment and locking processes

To predict the attitude of satellite during the whole deployment process and evaluate the lockingimpact, a numerical flexible model of a certain satellite associated with four flexible honeycomb solar panelswas established. The flexible solar panel was modeled by the finite element analysis (FEA), and the motionequations were derived by Lagrangian formulation. The locking process was based on the method of Hertziancontact, which enables one to predict the locking impact on the satellite and the subsequent oscillation of solarpanels. The results reveal that locking operation has great impact on the attitude of the satelhte, and theangular acceleration of satellite reaches 22.03 °/s2 at the locking moment; the flexible solar panels model isfeasible to predict the accurate response of the satelhte during deployment and the oscillation of solar panels;the instantly impulsive force occurred during locking process is about 1.5 kN and the changing time is nearly0.32 s. It provides an effective approach to present the flexible solar panels' deployment process and evaluatethe locking impact.     

岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术

为探究适合硬岩隧道岩爆段的快速施工技术,通过对硬岩隧道整体自稳性及岩爆特点的分析,提出以柔性支护为基础、以岩爆预测、松动圈测试和柔性网试验为保证措施的一种快速施工技术。依托米仓山隧道岩爆段的施工,利用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据对不同埋深下岩爆强度进行预测,合理划分米仓山隧道岩爆强度区段,并结合松动圈测试、柔性网试验,对锚杆和钢丝绳网的参数进行研究与验证。实践表明： 1)采用陶振宇判据和Turchaninov判据可以较准确地进行岩爆预测及强度区域划分; 2)利用松动圈测试结果能大致判断隧道开挖后围岩破裂区域的深度; 3)相比传统支护技术,采用喷射混凝土+涨壳式预应力锚杆+柔性防护网的快速支护技术,每循环施工可节省用时约4 h,整个岩爆区段施工速度可提高30%~40%。     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

基于博弈理论的弹性停车激励机制运营效益评估模型

分析了在停车机制作用下小汽车出行者与停车场管理方之间的动态博弈过程, 研究了出行者竞价行为与个体出行成本、停车激励强度之间的数量关系, 构建了面向弹性停车激励机制的运营效益评估模型; 应用敏感性分析方法探究多种影响因素对弹性停车激励机制运营效益的作用, 并以美国加州大学伯克利分校为例进行了实证研究。研究结果表明: 弹性停车激励机制不仅能保障停车场日常运营的可持续, 还可以促进停车泊位的共享; 在经济效益方面, 弹性停车激励机制能通过激励强度的变化调整泊位的回收数, 当最大激励强度从15美元增至30美元时, 回收泊位数将从17个减小到8个, 说明该机制能通过有选择地拒绝高价泊位来确保停车场的经济效益; 随着可接受最小激励强度人数比例的提升, 泊位回收的边际效益将增大, 当该比例从5%提升至55%时, 泊位回收边际效益将由每个14.4美元增至每个17.3美元, 说明随着参与竞价人数的增多, 停车场经济效益逐步提升; 在社会效益方面, 实施该机制将有利于释放停车场的泊位资源, 如其日周转率将会有约9%的降幅, 最小空置率会呈现出0~8%的不均衡涨幅, 说明该机制能有效促进出行者主动共享停车泊位。     

适应大型飞机的沥青道面结构有限元模型

借助ABAQUS通用有限元软件, 建立了3层道面结构有限元模型, 分析了模型的几何尺寸、边界条件、层间接触条件、单元类型、网格的划分对大型飞机荷载作用下道面结构力学响应的影响, 提出了适应大型飞机的机场沥青道面结构有限元模型参数, 并用实测力学响应数据对模型的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明: 在大型飞机全起落架荷载作用下, 有限元模型几何尺寸宜为30m×30m×10m, 层间完全连续选用tie连接; 单元类型宜采用C3D8R, 荷载区域的单元大小控制在不大于0.05m×0.05m;模型底部所有位移全部约束, 模型四周约束对应水平方向的位移。实测数据验证结果表明有限元模型有效。